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Arachnids are arthropods in the class Arachnida (/ ə ˈ r æ k n ɪ d ə /) of the subphylum Chelicerata. Arachnida includes, among others, spiders, scorpions, ticks, mites, pseudoscorpions, harvestmen, camel spiders, whip spiders and vinegaroons. [2] Adult arachnids have eight legs attached to the cephalothorax.
The subphylum Chelicerata (from Neo-Latin, from French chélicère, from Ancient Greek χηλή (khēlḗ) 'claw, chela' and κέρας (kéras) 'horn') [1] constitutes one of the major subdivisions of the phylum Arthropoda.
One hypothesis for the phylogeny of the genera placed in the family is shown below (Austrochilidae genera in bold). The family shows a mixture of "primitive" and "advanced" features. The retention of four book lungs places the family at the base of the Araneomorphae, whereas some features of their silk production are regarded as derived. [5]
Pseudoscorpions belong to the class Arachnida. [2] They are small arachnids with a flat, pear-shaped body, and pincer-like pedipalps that resemble those of scorpions. They usually range from 2 to 8 mm (0.08 to 0.31 in) in length. [3] The largest known species is Garypus titanius of Ascension Island [4] at up to 12 mm (0.5 in).
Gertsch, W.J. (1978). The spider family Leptonetidae in North America. Journal of Arachnology 1:145-203.PDF; Platnick, N.I. (1986). On the tibial and patellar glands, relationships, and American genera of the spider family Leptonetidae (Arachnida, Araneae).
Ricinulei are unique among arachnids in that the first one to be discovered was a fossil, described in 1837 by the noted English geologist William Buckland; [26] albeit misinterpreted as a beetle. Further fossil species were added in subsequent years by, among others, Samuel Hubbard Scudder , Reginald Innes Pocock and Alexander Petrunkevitch .
Some species of amblypygids, particularly Phrynus marginemaculatus and Damon diadema, may be among the few examples of arachnids that exhibit social behavior. Research conducted at Cornell University suggests that mother amblypygids communicate with their young with her antenniform front legs, and the offspring reciprocate both with their ...
Trombidiidae, also known as red velvet mites, true velvet mites, [2] or rain bugs, are small arachnids (eight-legged arthropods) found in plant litter and are known for their bright red color.