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  2. Benoit Mandelbrot - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benoit_Mandelbrot

    Benoit B. Mandelbrot [a] [b] (20 November 1924 – 14 October 2010) was a Polish-born French-American mathematician and polymath with broad interests in the practical sciences, especially regarding what he labeled as "the art of roughness" of physical phenomena and "the uncontrolled element in life".

  3. Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids: A Structure for ...

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_Structure_of...

    The Path to The Double Helix: Discovery of DNA. MacMillan. ISBN 978-0-486-68117-7. (with foreword by Francis Crick; revised in 1994, with a 9-page postscript.) Watson, James D. (1980). The Double Helix: A Personal Account of the Discovery of the Structure of DNA. Atheneum. ISBN 978-0-689-70602-8. (first published in 1968) Wilkins, Maurice (2003).

  4. Chaos theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaos_theory

    In 1963, Benoit Mandelbrot, studying information theory, discovered that noise in many phenomena (including stock prices and telephone circuits) was patterned like a Cantor set, a set of points with infinite roughness and detail [83] Mandelbrot described both the "Noah effect" (in which sudden discontinuous changes can occur) and the "Joseph ...

  5. History of molecular biology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_molecular_biology

    In 1953, James Watson and Francis Crick discovered the double helical structure of the DNA molecule based on the discoveries made by Rosalind Franklin. [5] In 1961, François Jacob and Jacques Monod demonstrated that the products of certain genes regulated the expression of other genes by acting upon specific sites at the edge of those genes.

  6. Nucleic acid structure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleic_acid_structure

    DNA structure and bases A-B-Z-DNA Side View. Tertiary structure refers to the locations of the atoms in three-dimensional space, taking into consideration geometrical and steric constraints. It is a higher order than the secondary structure, in which large-scale folding in a linear polymer occurs and the entire chain is folded into a specific 3 ...

  7. The Double Helix - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Double_Helix

    The Double Helix: A Personal Account of the Discovery of the Structure of DNA is an autobiographical account of the discovery of the double helix structure of DNA written by James D. Watson and published in 1968. It has earned both critical and public praise, along with continuing controversy about credit for the Nobel award and attitudes ...

  8. Sierpiński triangle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sierpiński_triangle

    The usage of the word "gasket" to refer to the Sierpiński triangle refers to gaskets such as are found in motors, and which sometimes feature a series of holes of decreasing size, similar to the fractal; this usage was coined by Benoit Mandelbrot, who thought the fractal looked similar to "the part that prevents leaks in motors". [23]

  9. Hershey–Chase experiment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hershey–Chase_experiment

    Thus, the Hershey–Chase experiment helped to confirm that DNA, not protein, is the genetic material. [6] Hershey and Chase showed that the introduction of deoxyribonuclease (referred to as DNase), an enzyme that breaks down DNA, into a solution containing the labeled bacteriophages did not introduce any 32 P into the solution. This ...