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The discovery of the first cannabinoid receptors in the 1980s helped to resolve this debate. [10] These receptors are common in animals. Two known cannabinoid receptors are termed CB 1 and CB 2, [11] with mounting evidence of more. [12] The human brain has more cannabinoid receptors than any other G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) type. [13]
Upon heating, cannabinoid acids decarboxylate to give their psychoactive cannabinoid. For example, Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the main psychoactive compound found in cannabis and is responsible for the "high" feeling when consumed. However, cannabis does not naturally contain significant amounts of THC.
Δ-8-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta-8-THC, [a] Δ 8-THC) is a psychoactive cannabinoid found in the cannabis plant. [1] It is an isomer of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta-9-THC, Δ 9-THC), the compound commonly known as THC, with which it co-occurs in hemp; natural quantities of ∆ 8-THC found in hemp are low.
H4CBD (hydrogenated CBD, tetrahydrocannabidiol) is a cannabinoid that was first synthesized by Alexander R. Todd in 1940 derived from the catalytic hydrogenation of cannabidiol. [1] H2-CBD and 8,9-dihydrocannabidiol have also been referred to as "hydrogenated CBD", which may cause confusion.
Other non-cannabinoid ingredients that have been found in synthetic cannabinoid blends include harmine and harmaline, reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitors, which have been found with myristicin and asarone; [38] substituted cathinone derived stimulant drugs such as 4-methylbuphedrone and 4'-methyl-alpha-PPP; and psychedelic tryptamine ...
Hexahydrocannabiphorol (HHCP, sometimes mistakenly referred to as hexahydroxycannabiphorol) is a semi-synthetic cannabinoid derivative which has been marketed since around 2021. [1] [2] It is believed to be made from the hydrogenation of tetrahydrocannabiphorol (THCP). THCP is only reported as a trace component of cannabis in 2019. [3]
Cannabidiol may be an antagonist of GPR55, a G protein-coupled receptor and putative non-homologous CB 3 cannabinoid receptor shown by in vitro studies to be widely distributed in the brain. [ 68 ] [ 69 ] [ 70 ] Cannabidiol may interact with various neurotransmitters , such as serotonin , dopamine , and GABA .
Cannabinoids and their K i values [a]; Name Class K i / nM at CB 1 K i / nM at CB 2 Selectivity Structure JWH-004: Naphthoylindole: 48 ± 13: 4 ± 1.5: CB 2 (12x): JWH-007 [5]: Naphthoylindole: 9.5 ± 4.5