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The resulting electrical network will have two terminals, and itself can participate in a series or parallel topology. Whether a two-terminal "object" is an electrical component (e.g. a resistor) or an electrical network (e.g. resistors in series) is a matter of perspective. This article will use "component" to refer to a two-terminal "object ...
Graphical interpretation of the parallel operator with =.. The parallel operator ‖ (pronounced "parallel", [1] following the parallel lines notation from geometry; [2] [3] also known as reduced sum, parallel sum or parallel addition) is a binary operation which is used as a shorthand in electrical engineering, [4] [5] [6] [nb 1] but is also used in kinetics, fluid mechanics and financial ...
For two terminal components the transfer function, or more generally for non-linear elements, the constitutive equation, is the relationship between the current input to the device and the resulting voltage across it. The transfer function, Z(s), will thus have units of impedance, ohms.
Consider an active network containing impedances, (constant-) voltage sources and (constant-) current sources. The configuration of the network can be anything. Access to the network is provided by a pair of terminals. Designate the voltage measured between the terminals as V θ, as shown in the box on the left side of Figure 2. Fig. 2.
In the example, the total current I total is given by: = + (+) =. The current through the load is then, using the current divider rule: = + + + = / =. And the equivalent resistance looking back into the circuit is:
One-element networks are trivial and two-element, [note 3] two-terminal networks are either two elements in series or two elements in parallel, also trivial. The smallest number of elements that is non-trivial is three, and there are two 2-element-kind non-trivial transformations possible, one being both the reverse transformation and the topological dual, of the other.
The values of the resistors are selected such that R 1 gives the highest load resistance, R 1 ||R 2 gives the nominal load resistance and either R 1 ||R 2 ||R 3 or R 2 ||R 3 gives the lowest load resistance. A voltmeter is then connected in parallel to the resistors and the measured values of voltage for each load state can be used to calculate ...
The following table gives formula for the spring that is equivalent to a system of two springs, in series or in parallel, whose spring constants are and . [1] The compliance c {\displaystyle c} of a spring is the reciprocal 1 / k {\displaystyle 1/k} of its spring constant.)