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Kidney toxicity [5] associated with kidney failure; associated with development of cancer, particularly of the urinary tract, known carcinogen [8] [9] Atractylate Atractylis gummifera: Liver damage, [3] nausea, vomiting, epigastric and abdominal pain, diarrhoea, anxiety, headache and convulsions, often followed by coma [10]
Some fruit juices and fruits can interact with numerous drugs, in many cases causing adverse effects. [1] The effect is most studied with grapefruit and grapefruit juice, [1] but similar effects have been observed with certain other citrus fruits. [1] [2] [3] [4]
These effects are additive with other short-chain poorly absorbed carbohydrates such as sorbitol. The clinical significance of these events depends upon the response of the bowel to such changes. Some effects of fructose malabsorption are decreased tryptophan, [9] folic acid [10] and zinc in the blood. [10]
Nephrotoxicity is toxicity in the kidneys. It is a poisonous effect of some substances, both toxic chemicals and medications, on kidney function. [1] There are various forms, [2] and some drugs may affect kidney function in more than one way. Nephrotoxins are substances displaying nephrotoxicity.
Grapefruit and grapefruit juice have been found to interact with numerous drugs, in many cases resulting in adverse effects. [4] This happens in two ways: one is that grapefruit can block an enzyme which metabolizes medication, [5] and if the drug is not metabolized, then the level of the drug in the blood can become too high, leading to an adverse effect. [5]
Research suggests that 100% fruit juice is not associated with an increased risk of diabetes. [28] [29] [30] A 2018 review concluded that 100% fruit juice increases the risk of tooth decay in children, but there is "no conclusive evidence that consumption of 100% fruit juice has adverse health effects." [31]
Cranberry juice is an acidic drink with a pH of about 2.6. [9] Some cranberry juice products contain large amounts of sugar used in manufacturing to make the drink more palatable, but their consumption may increase the risk of hyperglycemia and reduced control of blood glucose in people with diabetes or glucose intolerance.
Kidney failure, also known as renal failure or end-stage renal disease (ESRD), is a medical condition in which the kidneys can no longer adequately filter waste products from the blood, functioning at less than 15% of normal levels. [2]