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The typical efficiency of TEGs is around 5–8%, although it can be higher. Older devices used bimetallic junctions and were bulky. More recent devices use highly doped semiconductors made from bismuth telluride (Bi 2 Te 3), lead telluride (PbTe), [10] calcium manganese oxide (Ca 2 Mn 3 O 8), [11] [12] or combinations thereof, [13] depending on application temperature.
The primary function of a solar cell is the conversion of light energy into electrical energy by means of the photovoltaic effect. [16] In particular, polymer-fullerene bulk heterojunction solar cells are promising because of their potential in low processing costs and mechanical flexibility in comparison to conventional inorganic solar cells.
Planar transformers are devices used to exact standards with precise electrical characteristics such as capacitance, output, and aspect ratio. [1] They are used in military and aerospace projects. Planar transformers [ 2 ] are high frequency transformers used in isolated switchmode power supplies operating at high frequency.
A luminescent solar concentrator. A luminescent solar concentrator (LSC) is a device for concentrating radiation, solar radiation in particular, to produce electricity. . Luminescent solar concentrators operate on the principle of collecting radiation over a large area, converting it by luminescence (specifically by fluorescence) and directing the generated radiation into relatively small ...
The lower energy photons and higher energy photons that are unabsorbed pass through the top organic solar cell and are then absorbed by the bottom inorganic cell. Organic solar cells are also solution processible at low temperatures with a low cost of 10 dollars per square meter, resulting in a printable top cell that improves the overall ...
A solar panel is a device that converts sunlight into electricity by using photovoltaic (PV) cells. PV cells are made of materials that produce excited electrons when exposed to light. These electrons flow through a circuit and produce direct current (DC) electricity, which can be used to power various devices or be stored in batteries.
Planar, the structure resulting from the planar process used in the manufacture of semiconductor devices, such as planar transistors; Planar graph, graph that can be drawn in the plane so that no edges cross; Planar mechanism, a system of parts whose motion is constrained to a two-dimensional plane
Solar Energy: Renewable Energy and the Environment. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4200-7567-0. Randall, Julian (2005). Designing indoor solar products : photovoltaic technologies for AES. Hoboken New Jersey: J. Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-470-01661-9. Smith, Eric (2011). DIY Solar Projects: How to Put the Sun to Work in Your Home ...