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A brachial plexus injury (BPI), also known as brachial plexus lesion, is an injury to the brachial plexus, the network of nerves that conducts signals from the spinal cord to the shoulder, arm and hand. These nerves originate in the fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth cervical (C5–C8), and first thoracic (T1) spinal nerves, and innervate the ...
Brachial plexus palsy occurs in 0.4 to 5.1 infants per 1000 live births. [6] Head trauma and brain damage during delivery can lead to a number of conditions include: caput succedaneum , cephalohematoma , subgaleal hemorrhage , subdural hemorrhage , subarachnoid hemorrhage , epidural hemorrhage , and intraventricular hemorrhage .
The brachial plexus may be stretched and damaged during a difficult delivery. In minor cases, the nerves heal and full use of the hand and arm is recovered. In more severe cases, the child may sustain permanent nerve damage and may not have full use of the shoulder, arm, or hand. Brachial plexus injuries occur in 1–3 children per 1,000 live ...
Erb's palsy is a paralysis of the arm caused by injury to the upper group of the arm's main nerves, specifically the severing of the upper trunk C5–C6 nerves. These form part of the brachial plexus, comprising the ventral rami of spinal nerves C5–C8 and thoracic nerve T1.
Lower brachial plexus injuries should be distinguished from upper brachial plexus injuries, which can also result from birth trauma but give a different syndrome of weakness known as Erb's palsy. Other trauma, such as motorcycle accidents, that have similar spinal cord injuries to C8 and T1, also show the same symptoms of Klumpke's paralysis.
Baby: Brachial plexus injury, clavicle fracture [2] Mother: Vaginal or perineal tears, postpartum bleeding [3] Risk factors: Gestational diabetes, previous history of the condition, operative vaginal delivery, obesity in the mother, an overly large baby, epidural anesthesia [2] Diagnostic method: Body fails to deliver within one minute of the ...
One common cause of brachial plexus avulsions is when a baby's shoulders rotate in the birth canal during delivery, which causes the brachial plexus to stretch and tear. [20] It occurs in 1 to 2 out of every 1,000 births. [21] Shoulder trauma during motor vehicle collisions is another common cause of brachial plexus avulsions. [22]
The brachial plexus is a network of nerves (nerve plexus) formed by the anterior rami of the lower four cervical nerves and first thoracic nerve (C5, C6, C7, C8, and T1).This plexus extends from the spinal cord, through the cervicoaxillary canal in the neck, over the first rib, and into the armpit, it supplies afferent and efferent nerve fibers to the chest, shoulder, arm, forearm, and hand.