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The Giant kelp marine forests of south east Australia is a community extending from the ocean floor to the ocean surface, on a rocky substrate, and has a ‘forest-like’ structure with many organisms occupying its various layers, including pelagic and demersal fishes, sea birds, turtles and marine mammals in addition to the invertebrate ...
The importance of this contribution has been rapidly acknowledged within the scientific community and has prompted an entirely new trajectory of kelp forest research, highlighting the potential for kelp forests to provide marine organisms spatial refuge under climate change and providing possible explanations for evolutionary patterns of kelps ...
Seaweed farming is a carbon negative crop, with a high potential for climate change mitigation. [27] [28] The IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate recommends "further research attention" as a mitigation tactic. [29] World Wildlife Fund, Oceans 2050, and The Nature Conservancy publicly support expanded seaweed ...
A kelp forest in San Clemente Island, California demonstrating the diversity of life that can be supported by Marine Permaculutre. Marine Permaculture is a form of mariculture that reflects the principles of permaculture by recreating seaweed forest habitat and other ecosystems in nearshore and offshore ocean environments.
Kelp is a large brown seaweed that forms large underwater forests covering about 25% of the world coastlines. [65] They are among the most productive and dynamic ecosystems on Earth. [ 66 ] Some Sargassum seaweeds are planktonic (free-floating) and form floating drifts.
Despite its appearance, kelp is not a plant but a stramenopile (a group containing many protists). [4] Kelp grow from stalks close together in very dense areas like forests under shallow temperate and Arctic oceans. [3] They were previously thought to have appeared in the Miocene, 5 to 23 million years ago based on fossils from California. [5]
Kelp are autogenic ecosystem engineers, by building the necessary structure for kelp forests. An ecosystem engineer is any species that creates, significantly modifies, maintains or destroys a habitat. These organisms can have a large impact on species richness and landscape-level heterogeneity of an area. [1]
An alternative offset would be to cultivate kelp forests. Kelp can grow at 2 feet per day, 30 times faster than terrestrial plants. Planting kelp across 10% of the oceans (4.5 x the area of Australia) could provide the same offset. Additionally, the kelp would support a fish harvest of 2 megatons per year and reduce ocean acidification. Large ...