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Windward is upwind from the point of reference, i.e., towards the direction from which the wind is coming; leeward is downwind from the point of reference, i.e., along the direction towards which the wind is going. The side of a ship that is towards the leeward is its "lee side".
Patterns are typically rectangular in basic shape, and include the runway along one long side of the rectangle. Each leg of the pattern has a particular name: [3] Upwind leg. A flight path parallel to and in the direction of the landing runway. It is offset from the runway and opposite the downwind leg. Crosswind leg. A short climbing flight ...
For instance, if a vessel sails alternately in the directions 45° from the downwind direction, it will sail √ 2 (≈1.4) times farther than it would if it sailed dead downwind. However, as long as it can sail faster than 1.4 times its dead downwind speed, the indirect route will allow it to arrive at a chosen point sooner.
In addition to the sails used upwind, spinnakers provide area and curvature appropriate for sailing with separated flow on downwind points of sail. [ 35 ] Polar diagrams, showing lift ( L ), drag ( D ), total aerodynamic force ( F T ), forward driving force ( F R ), and lateral force ( F LAT ) for downwind points of sail
A ship at sea is said to possess the weather gage if it is in any position upwind of the other vessel. [1] Proximity with the land, tidal and stream effects and wind variability due to geography (hills, cliffs, etc.) may also come into play. An upwind vessel is able to manoeuvre at will toward any downwind point, since the relative wind then ...
On dry runways, upon touchdown the airplane tracks towards the upwind edge of the runway while de-crabbing to align with the runway. Immediate upwind aileron is needed to ensure the wings remain level while rudder is needed to track center line. The greater the amount of crab at touchdown, the larger the lateral deviation from the point of ...
Upwind_downwind_example.png (500 × 300 pixels, file size: 33 KB, MIME type: image/png) This is a file from the Wikimedia Commons . Information from its description page there is shown below.
A wind speed gradient of 4 (m/s)/km can produce refraction equal to a typical temperature lapse rate of 7.5 °C/km. [51] Higher values of wind gradient will refract sound downward toward the surface in the downwind direction, [52] eliminating the acoustic shadow on the downwind side. This will increase the audibility of sounds downwind.