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Confucius (孔子; pinyin: Kǒngzǐ; lit. 'Master Kong'; c. 551 – c. 479 BCE), born Kong Qiu (孔丘), was a Chinese philosopher of the Spring and Autumn period who is traditionally considered the paragon of Chinese sages, as well as the first teacher in China to advocate for mass education. Much of the shared cultural heritage of the ...
Gates of the wenmiao of Datong, Shanxi. Confucianism, also known as Ruism or Ru classicism, [1] is a system of thought and behavior originating in ancient China, and is variously described as a tradition, philosophy (humanistic or rationalistic), religion, theory of government, or way of life. [2]
Hundred Schools of Thought. The Hundred Schools of Thought were philosophies and schools that flourished during the late Spring and Autumn period [1] and Warring States period (c. 500 – 221 BC). [2] The term was not used to describe these different philosophies until Confucianism, Mohism, and Legalism were created. [3]
Four Books and Five Classics. The Four Books and Five Classics are authoritative and important books associated with Confucianism, written before 300 BC. [1] They are traditionally believed to have been either written, edited or commented by Confucius or one of his disciples. Starting in the Han dynasty, they became the core of the Chinese ...
The Analects, also known as the Sayings of Confucius, is an ancient Chinese philosophical text composed of sayings and ideas attributed to Confucius and his contemporaries, traditionally believed to have been compiled by his followers. The consensus among scholars is that large portions of the text were composed during the Warring States period ...
The I Ching or Yijing (Chinese : 易經, Mandarin: [î tɕíŋ] ⓘ), usually translated Book of Changes or Classic of Changes, is an ancient Chinese divination text that is among the oldest of the Chinese classics. The I Ching was originally a divination manual in the Western Zhou period (1000–750 BC). Over the course of the Warring States ...
Book of Documents. The Book of Documents (Chinese: 書經; pinyin: Shūjīng; Wade–Giles: Shu King), or the Classic of History, [b] is one of the Five Classics of ancient Chinese literature. It is a collection of rhetorical prose attributed to figures of ancient China, and served as the foundation of Chinese political philosophy for over two ...
Zhong You (542–480 BC), commonly known by his courtesy names Zilu and Jilu, was one of the best known and most faithful disciples of Confucius. [1][2] Among Confucius 's disciples, he was the second in terms of ability and accomplishment in statesmanship, after Ran Qiu. [2] He was noted for his valour and sense of justice, but Confucius often ...