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In mathematics, the distributive property of binary operations is a generalization of the distributive law, which asserts that the equality is always true in elementary algebra. For example, in elementary arithmetic, one has Therefore, one would say that multiplication distributes over addition. This basic property of numbers is part of the ...
For example, an element of a distributive lattice is meet-prime if and only if it is meet-irreducible, though the latter is in general a weaker property. By duality, the same is true for join-prime and join-irreducible elements. [7] If a lattice is distributive, its covering relation forms a median graph. [8]
t. e. Given two random variables that are defined on the same probability space, [1] the joint probability distribution is the corresponding probability distribution on all possible pairs of outputs. The joint distribution can just as well be considered for any given number of random variables. The joint distribution encodes the marginal ...
Statement. The symmetric difference is the set of elements that are in either set, but not in the intersection. Symbolic statement. A Δ B = ( A ∖ B ) ∪ ( B ∖ A ) {\displaystyle A\,\Delta \,B=\left (A\setminus B\right)\cup \left (B\setminus A\right)} In mathematics, the symmetric difference of two sets, also known as the disjunctive union ...
Chain rule (probability) In probability theory, the chain rule[1] (also called the general product rule[2][3]) describes how to calculate the probability of the intersection of, not necessarily independent, events or the joint distribution of random variables respectively, using conditional probabilities. This rule allows you to express a joint ...
The category Ring is a concrete category meaning that the objects are sets with additional structure (addition and multiplication) and the morphisms are functions that preserve this structure. There is a natural forgetful functor. U : Ring → Set. for the category of rings to the category of sets which sends each ring to its underlying set ...
Fundamentals. The algebra of sets is the set-theoretic analogue of the algebra of numbers. Just as arithmetic addition and multiplication are associative and commutative, so are set union and intersection; just as the arithmetic relation "less than or equal" is reflexive, antisymmetric and transitive, so is the set relation of "subset".
In a ring all of whose ideals are principal (a principal ideal domain or PID), this ideal will be identical with the set of multiples of some ring element d; then this d is a greatest common divisor of a and b. But the ideal (a, b) can be useful even when there is no greatest common divisor of a and b.