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  2. Phthalic anhydride - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phthalic_anhydride

    Phthalic anhydride is the organic compound with the formula C 6 H 4 (CO) 2 O. It is the anhydride of phthalic acid. Phthalic anhydride is a principal commercial form of phthalic acid. It was the first anhydride of a dicarboxylic acid to be used commercially. This white solid is an important industrial chemical, especially for the large-scale ...

  3. Phthalimide - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phthalimide

    Phthalimide is the organic compound with the formula C 6 H 4 (CO) 2 NH. It is the imide derivative of phthalic anhydride. It is a sublimable white solid that is slightly soluble in water but more so upon addition of base. It is used as a precursor to other organic compounds as a masked source of ammonia. [2]

  4. Phthalic acid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phthalic_acid

    In organic chemistry, phthalic acid is an aromatic dicarboxylic acid, with formula C6H4(CO2H)2 and structure HO (O)C− C 6 H 4− C (O)OH. Although phthalic acid is of modest commercial importance, the closely related derivative phthalic anhydride is a commodity chemical produced on a large scale. [4] Phthalic acid is one of three isomers of ...

  5. Naphthalene - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naphthalene

    2 in the presence of vanadium pentoxide as catalyst gives phthalic anhydride: C 10 H 8 + 4.5 O 2 → C 6 H 4 (CO) 2 O + 2 CO 2 + 2 H 2 O. This reaction is the basis of the main use of naphthalene. Oxidation can also be effected using conventional stoichiometric chromate or permanganate reagents.

  6. Phthalates - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phthalates

    Phthalates are produced industrially by the acid catalysed reaction of phthalic anhydride with excess alcohol.The synthesis of diethyl phthalate is illustrative of this: . The properties of the phthalate can be varied by changing the alcohol, [12] allowing for an almost limitless range of products, although only around 30 are, or have been, commercially important.

  7. Anthranilic acid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthranilic_acid

    Many routes to anthranilic acid have been described. Industrially it is produced from phthalic anhydride, beginning with amination: C 6 H 4 (CO) 2 O + NH 3 + NaOH → C 6 H 4 (C(O)NH 2)CO 2 Na + H 2 O. The resulting sodium salt of phthalamic acid is decarbonylated via a Hofmann rearrangement of the amide group, induced by hypochlorite: [11]

  8. Deprotonation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deprotonation

    Deprotonation (or dehydronation) is the removal (transfer) of a proton (or hydron, or hydrogen cation), (H +) from a Brønsted–Lowry acid in an acid–base reaction. [1][2] The species formed is the conjugate base of that acid. The complementary process, when a proton is added (transferred) to a Brønsted–Lowry base, is protonation (or ...

  9. N-Hydroxyphthalimide - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-Hydroxyphthalimide

    N-hydroxyphthalimide is also produced by reacting hydroxylamine hydrochloride with diethyl phthalate in the presence of sodium acetate, [5] or with phthalic anhydride in the presence of sodium carbonate with heating. In the last case, an overall yield of 76% is produced following purification by recrystallization. [6]