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  2. Nodal admittance matrix - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nodal_admittance_matrix

    The nodal admittance matrix of a power system is a form of Laplacian matrix of the nodal admittance diagram of the power system, which is derived by the application of Kirchhoff's laws to the admittance diagram of the power system. Starting from the single line diagram of a power system, the nodal admittance diagram is derived by:

  3. Power-flow study - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power-flow_study

    In power engineering, the power-flow study, or load-flow study, is a numerical analysis of the flow of electric power in an interconnected system. A power-flow study usually uses simplified notations such as a one-line diagram and per-unit system, and focuses on various aspects of AC power parameters, such as voltages, voltage angles, real power and reactive power.

  4. Theory of solar cells - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_of_solar_cells

    Theory of solar cells. The theory of solar cells explains the process by which light energy in photons is converted into electric current when the photons strike a suitable semiconductor device. The theoretical studies are of practical use because they predict the fundamental limits of a solar cell, and give guidance on the phenomena that ...

  5. Maximum power point tracking - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_power_point_tracking

    Maximum power point tracking (MPPT), [1][2] or sometimes just power point tracking (PPT), [3][4] is a technique used with variable power sources to maximize energy extraction as conditions vary. [5] The technique is most commonly used with photovoltaic (PV) solar systems but can also be used with wind turbines, optical power transmission and ...

  6. Solar-cell efficiency - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-cell_efficiency

    Solar-cell efficiency is the portion of energy in the form of sunlight that can be converted via photovoltaics into electricity by the solar cell. The efficiency of the solar cells used in a photovoltaic system, in combination with latitude and climate, determines the annual energy output of the system. For example, a solar panel with 20% ...

  7. Photovoltaic system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system

    A photovoltaic system, also called a PV system or solar power system, is an electric power system designed to supply usable solar power by means of photovoltaics.It consists of an arrangement of several components, including solar panels to absorb and convert sunlight into electricity, a solar inverter to convert the output from direct to alternating current, as well as mounting, cabling, and ...

  8. Single-line diagram - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single-line_diagram

    In power engineering, a single-line diagram (SLD), also sometimes called one-line diagram, is a simplest symbolic representation of an electric power system. [1][2] A single line in the diagram typically corresponds to more than one physical conductor: in a direct current system the line includes the supply and return paths, in a three-phase ...

  9. Slack bus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slack_bus

    Slack bus – to balance the active and reactive power in the system. It is also known as the Reference Bus or the Swing Bus. The slack bus will serve as an angular reference for all other buses in the system, which is set to 0°. The voltage magnitude is also assumed to be 1 p.u. at the slack bus. The slack bus provides or absorbs active and ...