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Light pipes are tubes or cylinders of solid material used to guide light a short distance. In electronics, plastic light pipes are used to guide light from LEDs on a circuit board to the user interface surface. In buildings, light pipes are used to transfer illumination from outside the building to where it is needed inside. [citation needed]
Guides in the form of a hollow tube with a highly reflective inner surface have also been used as light pipes for illumination applications. The inner surfaces may be polished metal, or may be covered with a multilayer film that guides light by Bragg reflection (this is a special case of a photonic
Light guide LEDs using plastic light guides on a network switch The technology was rendered obsolete by the development of light-emitting diodes (LED) in the 1970s, though lightguide tubes are still used in electronics manufacturing, in situations where it is difficult to place an LED in the appropriate physical location on a display or bezel.
Uniformity tape is designed to be applied directly to the injection edge of a light guide for the purpose of defusing the light generated by LEDs. The microstructure consists of 12-50 μm linear aspheric prisms aligned perpendicular to the plane of the guide.
The 3M company developed a system based on optical lighting film [36] and developed the 3M light pipe, [37] which is a light guide designed to distribute light uniformly over its length, with a thin film incorporating microscopic prisms, [26] which has been marketed in connection with artificial light sources, e.g. sulfur lamps.
Biophilic design describes interiors and architecture planned with a nature-first mentality. Whether exemplified through ample windows and natural light, eco-friendly materials, or live walls and ...
In radio-frequency engineering and communications engineering, a waveguide is a hollow metal pipe used to carry radio waves. [1] This type of waveguide is used as a transmission line mostly at microwave frequencies, for such purposes as connecting microwave transmitters and receivers to their antennas, in equipment such as microwave ovens, radar sets, satellite communications, and microwave ...
This roughness decreases the effective conductivity of the metallic walls and subsequently increases the losses. This observation is of crucial importance for the design of SIWs, as they are integrated on very thin substrates. In this case, the contribution of the conduction losses on the global attenuation is predominant. [4] [15] [13]
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