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  2. Data encapsulation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_encapsulation

    Data encapsulation, also known as data hiding, is the mechanism whereby the implementation details of a class are kept hidden from the user. The user can only perform a restricted set of operations on the hidden members of the class by executing special functions commonly called methods to prevent attributes of objects from being easily viewed and accessed.

  3. Encapsulation (networking) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encapsulation_(networking)

    Encapsulation is the computer-networking process of concatenating layer-specific headers or trailers with a service data unit (i.e. a payload) for transmitting information over computer networks.

  4. Separation of concerns - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separation_of_concerns

    Encapsulation is a means of information hiding. [2] Layered designs in information systems are another embodiment of separation of concerns (e.g., presentation layer, business logic layer, data access layer, persistence layer). [3] Separation of concerns results in more degrees of freedom for some aspect of the program's design, deployment, or ...

  5. Encapsulation (computer programming) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encapsulation_(computer...

    Essentially, encapsulation prevents external code from being concerned with the internal workings of an object. Encapsulation allows developers to present a consistent interface that is independent of its internal implementation. As one example, encapsulation can be used to hide the values or state of a structured data object inside a class.

  6. Information hiding - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_hiding

    Encapsulation also protects the integrity of the component, by preventing users from setting the internal data of the component into an invalid or inconsistent state. Another benefit of encapsulation is that it reduces system complexity and thus increases robustness, by limiting the interdependencies between software components.

  7. OSI model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OSI_model

    The presentation layer establishes data formatting and data translation into a format specified by the application layer during the encapsulation of outgoing messages while being passed down the protocol stack, and possibly reversed during the deencapsulation of incoming messages when being passed up the protocol stack. For this very reason ...

  8. Object-oriented programming - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object-oriented_programming

    Similarly, encapsulation prevents external code from being concerned with the internal workings of an object. This facilitates code refactoring, for example allowing the author of the class to change how objects of that class represent their data internally without changing any external code (as long as "public" method calls work the same way ...

  9. Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point-to-Point_Protocol...

    The Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet (PPPoE) is a network protocol for encapsulating Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) frames inside Ethernet frames. It appeared in 1999, in the context of the boom of DSL as the solution for tunneling packets over the DSL connection to the ISP's IP network, and from there to the rest of the Internet.