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Curriculum developed by Project staff supports a balanced literacy approach to reading and writing instruction that is in wide use across the United States. [12] Calkins and TCRWP have tailored the approach to the Common Core Standards by increasing the amount of nonfiction, including more discussion of difficult texts and decreasing the amount ...
The Institute of Education Sciences (the independent, non-partisan statistics, research, and evaluation arm of the U.S. Department of Education), describes the approach as follows: "Orton-Gillingham is a broad, multisensory approach to teaching reading and spelling that can be modified for individual or group instruction at all reading levels.
Emergent literacy is a term that is used to explain a child's knowledge of reading and writing skills before they learn how to read and write words. [1] It signals a belief that, in literate society, young children—even one- and two-year-olds—are in the process of becoming literate. [2]
Linnea Carlson Ehri is an American educational psychologist and expert on the development of reading. [1] [2] She is a Distinguished Professor Emerita of Educational Psychology at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York.
Literacy is the ability to read and write. Some researchers suggest that the study of "literacy" as a concept can be divided into two periods: the period before 1950, when literacy was understood solely as alphabetical literacy (word and letter recognition); and the period after 1950, when literacy slowly began to be considered as a wider concept and process, including the social and cultural ...
The Literacy Myth: Literacy and Social Structure in the Nineteenth Century City (Academic Press, 1979). Graff, Harvey J. ed. Literacy and social development in the West: A reader (Cambridge UP, 1981), scholarly studies of many countries; Guzzetti, Barbara, ed. Literacy in America: An Encyclopedia of History, Theory, and Practice (ABC-CLIO, 2002)
The IEA's Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS) [1] is an international study of reading (comprehension) achievement in 9-10 year olds. It has been conducted every five years since 2001 by the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA).
Students in primary education sometimes learn phonological awareness in the context of literacy activities, particularly phonemic awareness. [64] Some research demonstrates that, at least for older children, there may be utility to extending the development of phonological awareness skills in the context of activities that involve letters and ...