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Betula nigra, the black birch, river birch or water birch, is a species of birch native to the Eastern United States from New Hampshire west to southern Minnesota, and south to northern Florida and west to Texas. It is one of the few heat-tolerant birches in a family of mostly cold-weather trees which do not thrive in USDA Zone 6 and up.
Betula occidentalis, the water birch or red birch, is a species of birch native to western North America, in Canada from Yukon east to Northwestern Ontario and southwards, and in the United States from eastern Washington east to western North Dakota, [citation needed] and south to eastern California, northern Arizona and northern New Mexico, and southwestern Alaska.
Betula alleghaniensis, forest emblem of Quebec, [6] Canada. Betula alleghaniensis is a medium-sized, typically single-stemmed, deciduous tree reaching 60–80 feet (18–24 m) tall (exceptionally to 100 ft (30 m)) [2] [7] with a trunk typically 2–3 ft (0.61–0.91 m) in diameter, making it the largest North American species of birch.
"Swinging" birch trees was a common game for American children in the nineteenth century. American poet Lucy Larcom's "Swinging on a Birch Tree" celebrates the game. [27] The poem inspired Robert Frost, who pays homage to the act of climbing birch trees in his more famous poem, "Birches". [28]
It is a monoecious, deciduous shrub growing up to 1–1.2 metres (3 ft 3 in – 3 ft 11 in) high. The bark is non-peeling and shiny red-copper colored. [3] The leaves are rounded, 6–20 millimetres (0.24–0.79 in) diameter, with a bluntly toothed margin.
The trees can be tapped in a similar fashion, but must be gathered about three times more often. Birch sap can be boiled the same as maple sap, but its syrup is stronger (like molasses). It can be used to make birch beer. [7] Boiling also destroys volatile quantities of wintergreen oil. [3] The inner bark can be eaten raw as an emergency food.
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Betula pendula, commonly known as silver birch, warty birch, European white birch, [2] or East Asian white birch, [3] is a species of tree in the family Betulaceae, native to Europe and parts of Asia, though in southern Europe, it is only found at higher altitudes. Its range extends into Siberia, China, and southwest Asia in the mountains of ...