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Sulfuric acid (American spelling and the preferred IUPAC name) or sulphuric acid (Commonwealth spelling), known in antiquity as oil of vitriol, is a mineral acid composed of the elements sulfur, oxygen, and hydrogen, with the molecular formula H 2 SO 4.
The sulfate or sulphate ion is a polyatomic anion with the empirical formula SO 2− 4. Salts, acid derivatives, and peroxides of sulfate are widely used in industry. Sulfates occur widely in everyday life. Sulfates are salts of sulfuric acid and many are prepared from that acid.
Sulfuric(IV) acid (United Kingdom spelling: sulphuric(IV) acid), also known as sulfurous (UK: sulphurous) acid and thionic acid, [citation needed] is the chemical compound with the formula H 2 SO 3. Raman spectra of solutions of sulfur dioxide in water show only signals due to the SO 2 molecule and the bisulfite ion, HSO − 3. [2]
Treatment of sulfur with hydrogen gives hydrogen sulfide.When dissolved in water, hydrogen sulfide is mildly acidic: [5] H 2 S ⇌ HS − + H +. Hydrogen sulfide gas and the hydrosulfide anion are extremely toxic to mammals, due to their inhibition of the oxygen-carrying capacity of hemoglobin and certain cytochromes in a manner analogous to cyanide and azide.
Sodium bisulfate, also known as sodium hydrogen sulfate, [a] is the sodium salt of the bisulfate anion, with the molecular formula NaHSO 4.Sodium bisulfate is an acid salt formed by partial neutralization of sulfuric acid by an equivalent of sodium base, typically in the form of either sodium hydroxide (lye) or sodium chloride (table salt).
Gallium(III) sulfate refers to the chemical compound, a salt, with the formula Ga 2 (SO 4) 3, or its hydrates Ga 2 (SO 4) 3 ·xH 2 O. Gallium metal dissolves in sulfuric acid to form solutions containing [Ga(OH 2) 6] 3+ and SO 4 2− ions. The octadecahydrate Ga 2 (SO 4) 3 ·18H 2 O crystallises from these solutions at room temperature.
Fluoroantimonic acid is a mixture of hydrogen fluoride and antimony pentafluoride, containing various cations and anions (the simplest being H 2 F + and Sb F − 6).This mixture is a superacid that, in terms of corrosiveness, is trillions of times stronger than pure sulfuric acid when measured by its Hammett acidity function.
The synthesis of silver(II) sulfate (AgSO 4) with a divalent silver ion instead of a monovalent silver ion was first reported in 2010 [9] by adding sulfuric acid to silver(II) fluoride (HF escapes). It is a black solid that decomposes exothermically at 120 °C with evolution of oxygen and the formation of the pyrosulfate.