Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
Confusion inevitably involves some diffusion, [6] so a design with a very wide-input S-box can provide the necessary diffusion properties, [citation needed] but will be very costly in implementation. Therefore, the practical ciphers utilize relatively small S-boxes, operating on small groups of bits ("bundles" [ 7 ] ).
For a given amount of confusion and diffusion, an SP network has more "inherent parallelism" [2] and so — given a CPU with many execution units — can be computed faster than a Feistel network. [3] CPUs with few execution units — such as most smart cards — cannot take advantage of this inherent parallelism.
In the paper, Shannon defined unicity distance, and the principles of confusion and diffusion, which are key to a secure cipher. [6] Shannon published an earlier version of this research in the formerly classified report A Mathematical Theory of Cryptography, Memorandum MM 45-110-02, Sept. 1, 1945, Bell Laboratories.
In cryptography, the avalanche effect is the desirable property of cryptographic algorithms, typically block ciphers [1] and cryptographic hash functions, wherein if an input is changed slightly (for example, flipping a single bit), the output changes significantly (e.g., half the output bits flip).
In cryptography, an S-box (substitution-box) is a basic component of symmetric key algorithms which performs substitution. In block ciphers, they are typically used to obscure the relationship between the key and the ciphertext, thus ensuring Shannon's property of confusion.
Diffusion leads to an elimination of a statistical relation between changes in single plaintext bits and changes in single ciphertext bits. If you change a plaintext bits, a cipher with good diffusion should lead to a 50 pc chance for _any_ ciphertext bit to change. Confusion, on the other hand, does the same for the key<->ciphertext relation.
In cryptography, a permutation box (or P-box) is a method of bit-shuffling used to permute or transpose bits across S-boxes inputs, creating diffusion while transposing. [1]An example of a 64-bit "expansion" P-box which spreads the input S-boxes to as many output S-boxes as possible.
Confusion is the state of being bewildered or unclear in one's mind about something. ... Confusion and diffusion (in cryptography) See also. Circle of confusion;