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Phenylpiracetam, also known as fonturacetam (INN Tooltip International nonproprietary name) and sold under the brand names Phenotropil, Actitropil, and Carphedon among others, is a stimulant and nootropic medication used in Russia and certain other Eastern European countries in the treatment of cerebrovascular deficiency, depression, apathy, and attention, and memory problems, among other ...
PI3K inhibitors block the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and thus slow down cancer growth. [2] [3] They are examples of a targeted therapy. [4] While PI3K inhibitors are an effective treatment, they can have very severe side effects and are therefore only used if other treatments have failed or are not suitable. [5] [6]
Dapagliflozin is an example of an SGLT-2 inhibitor, it is a competitive, highly selective inhibitor of SGLT. It acts via selective and potent inhibition of SGLT-2, and its activity is based on each patient's underlying blood sugar control and kidney function. The results are decreased kidney reabsorption of glucose, glucosuria effect increases ...
Side effects may include bleeding, most commonly from the nose, gastrointestinal tract (GI) or genitourinary system. [2] Compared to the risk of bleeding with warfarin use, direct factor Xa inhibitors have a higher risk of GI bleeding, but lower risk of bleeding in the brain . [ 2 ]
The first protease inhibitor approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Ritonavir: Norvir: AbbVie: U.S. patent 5,541,206: March 1, 1996: AbbVie was part of Abbott Laboratories when patent was granted. As well as being a protease inhibitor in its own right, ritonavir inhibits the breakdown of other protease inhibitors.
Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors are compounds that slow or stop the action of the arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase (5-lipoxygenase or 5-LOX) enzyme, which is responsible for the production of inflammatory leukotrienes. The overproduction of leukotrienes is a major cause of inflammation in asthma, allergic rhinitis, and osteoarthritis. [1] [2]
A TNF inhibitor is a pharmaceutical drug that suppresses the physiologic response to tumor necrosis factor (TNF), which is part of the inflammatory response.TNF is involved in autoimmune and immune-mediated disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, inflammatory bowel disease, psoriasis, hidradenitis suppurativa and refractory asthma, so TNF inhibitors may be used in their ...
[7] [8] Sotorasib is an inhibitor of the RAS GTPase family. [4] The most common side effects include diarrhea, musculoskeletal pain, nausea, fatigue, liver damage and cough. [4] [5] The most common adverse reactions for sotorasib used in combination with panitumumab include rash, dry skin, diarrhea, stomatitis, fatigue, and musculoskeletal pain ...