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Hunting sperm required longer whaling voyages. Whale oil was essential for illuminating homes and businesses in the 19th century, and lubricated the machines of the Industrial Revolution. Baleen (the long keratin strips that hang from the top of whales' mouths) was used by manufacturers in the United States and Europe to make varied consumer goods.
The Punic Wars were a series of three wars fought between Rome and Carthage. The main cause of the Punic Wars was the clash of interests between the existing Carthaginian Empire and the expanding Roman sphere of influence. The Romans were initially interested in expansion via Sicily, part of which lay under
The early maps were oriented with east at the top. This is believed to have begun in the Middle East. [41] Religion played a role in the drawing of maps. Countries that were predominantly Christian during the Middle Ages placed east at the top of the maps, in part due to Genesis, "the Lord God planted a garden toward the east in Eden". [41]
A third annal says three Basque ships were whaling from Strandir in 1608, while another source says that a Southern Basque ship was whaling around Strandir in 1613 – which would be consistent with an illustration on an early 18th-century map that says: "Anno 1613 by de Biscayers beseylt." The ship was directed to a suitable harbor in ...
Hourglasses were still in use by the Royal Navy of Britain until 1839 for the timing of watches. [36] Continuous accumulation of navigational data, along with increased exploration and trade, led to increased production of volumes through the Middle Ages. [14] "Routiers" were produced in France about 1500; the English referred to them as "rutters."
Spermaceti was especially valuable, and as sperm whaling voyages were several years long, the whaling ships were equipped for all eventualities. There have also been vessels which combined chasing and processing, such as the bottlenose whalers of the late 19th and early 20th century, and catcher/factory ships of the modern era.
The first long-distance ocean crossing in human history and the first humans to reach Remote Oceania. [ 5 ] [ 9 ] Austronesians in Island Southeast Asia establish the Austronesian maritime trade network with Southern India and Sri Lanka , resulting in an exchange of material culture , including boat and sailing technologies and crops like ...
The Middle East, with its particular characteristics, was not to emerge until the late second millennium AD. To refer to a concept similar to that of today's Middle East but earlier in time, the term ancient Near East is used. This list is intended as a timeline of the history of the Middle East.