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Maria Gloria Macaraeg Macapagal-Arroyo (Tagalog: [ˈɡloɾja makapaˈɡal ʔaˈɾojo]; born April 5, 1947 [3]), often referred to as PGMA or GMA, is a Filipino academic and politician who served as the 14th president of the Philippines from 2001 to 2010. She is the longest-serving president since Ferdinand Marcos.
In 2006, President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo created Task Force Usig in response to the rising number of murders of journalists and activists. While the supervisory body reportedly accomplished police reform and increased coordination, among other accomplishments, it was criticized by media activists for failure to provide necessary logistics.
Gloria Macapagal Arroyo served two consecutive terms as 14th President of the Philippines: 2001-2004 and 2004-2010. Her first term started in January 20, 2001, following the Second EDSA Revolution which occurred when she was the Vice President under President Joseph Estrada (in office 1998-2001).
The political killings in the Philippines, with an estimated death toll of over 1,200 in 2010, began during the administration of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo in 2001. These include extrajudicial harassment, torture, disappearances and murder of civilian non-combatants by the military and police.
On November 24, the president of the Philippines Gloria Macapagal Arroyo responded to the news of the massacre by declaring a state of emergency in Maguindanao, Sultan Kudarat and Cotabato City. [29] Speaker of the House Prospero Nograles called on the police to quickly identify the perpetrators of the massacre and disarm private armies. [31]
The mutineers called for the ousting of President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, and seized the Rizal function room on the second floor of the Manila Peninsula Hotel along Ayala Avenue. Former Vice-president Teofisto Guingona, Jr. as well as some of the soldiers from the Armed Forces of the Philippines joined the march to the hotel.
Due to the implication of its members in the case, as well as in other crimes, his successor Gloria Macapagal Arroyo ordered to abolish the task force in 2001. [10] [33] [34] [35] Since then, no actions had been taken against its members. [36] By 2009, at least three of the respondents in the case are already dead. [37]
Teofisto "Tito" Tayko Guingona Jr. (born July 4, 1928) is a Filipino politician and diplomat who served as the 11th Vice President of the Philippines from 2001 to 2004, during the first term of President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo.