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Evidence of endocrine-related effects in fish, aquatic invertebrates, amphibians, and reptiles has been reported at environmentally relevant exposure levels lower than those required for acute toxicity. There is a widespread variation in reported values for endocrine-related effects, but many fall in the range of 1μg/L to 1 mg/L. [9]
What are endocrine disruptors? Endocrine disruptors are chemicals that interfere with our endocrine systems, which control the body’s hormones—such as insulin, testosterone, and estrogen—and ...
The chemicals are called EDCs, and they are likely already in your home. Here’s what researchers know about their potential health impacts and what to do about them.
In this way, xenohormones act as endocrine disruptors by increasing or decreasing the activation of hormone receptors in the body. Xenohormones can often act on multiple hormone receptor types and enact multiple different effects. For example, BPA acts as an agonist of estrogen receptors and as an antagonist of androgen receptors. [15]
Bisphenols A (BPA), F (BPF) and S (BPS) have been shown to be endocrine disruptors, potentially relating to adverse health effects. [3] [6] Due to its high production volumes, BPA has been characterised as a "pseudo-persistent" chemical, [7] leading to its spreading and potential accumulation in a variety of environmental matrices, even though it has a fairly short half-life.
A comparison of the structures of the natural estrogen hormone estradiol (left) and one of the nonyl-phenols (right), a xenoestrogen endocrine disruptor. Endocrine disruptors, sometimes also referred to as hormonally active agents, [1] endocrine disrupting chemicals, [2] or endocrine disrupting compounds [3] are chemicals that can interfere with endocrine (or hormonal) systems. [4]
Xenoestrogens are a type of xenohormone that imitates estrogen.They can be either synthetic or natural chemical compounds.Synthetic xenoestrogens include some widely used industrial compounds, such as PCBs, BPA, and phthalates, which have estrogenic effects on a living organism even though they differ chemically from the estrogenic substances produced internally by the endocrine system of any ...
The health effects of BPA have been the subject of prolonged public and scientific debate. [12] [13] [14] BPA is a xenoestrogen, exhibiting hormone-like properties that mimic the effects of estrogen in the body. [15] Although the effect is very weak, [16] the pervasiveness of BPA-containing materials raises concerns, as exposure is effectively ...