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STS-1 (Space Transportation System-1) was the first orbital spaceflight of NASA's Space Shuttle program. The first orbiter , Columbia , launched on April 12, 1981, [ 1 ] and returned on April 14, 1981, 54.5 hours later, having orbited the Earth 37 times.
After STS-115, the rescue mission designations were based on the corresponding regular mission that would be replaced should the rescue mission be needed. For example, the STS-116 rescue mission was branded STS-317, because the normal mission scheduled after STS-116 was STS-117. Should the rescue mission have been needed, the crew and vehicle ...
Its official program name was Space Transportation System (STS), taken from a 1969 plan for a system of reusable spacecraft where it was the only item funded for development, as a proposed nuclear shuttle in the plan was cancelled in 1972. [1] [2] It flew 135 missions and carried 355 astronauts from 16 countries, many on multiple trips.
For the first two missions, STS-1 and STS-2, ... The hydrogen tank's prevalves were opened at T−9.5 seconds in preparation for engine start. [24]: II–186
Space Shuttle Columbia (OV-102) was a Space Shuttle orbiter manufactured by Rockwell International and operated by NASA.Named after the first American ship to circumnavigate the globe, and the female personification of the United States, Columbia was the first of five Space Shuttle orbiters to fly in space, debuting the Space Shuttle launch vehicle on its maiden flight on April 12, 1981 and ...
Voyager 1: 12 April 1981: First reusable crewed orbital spacecraft (Space Shuttle). USA (NASA) STS-1: 1 March 1982: First Venus soil samples. First sound recording of another world (Venus). USSR Venera 13: 10 June 1982 First spacecraft to conduct a deep survey of Earth's magnetic tail. USA (NASA) ISEE-3/ICE [35] 19 August 1982
Nuclear Ferry and Shuttle Orbiter docked to an Orbital Propellant Depot. The Space Transportation System (STS), also known internally to NASA as the Integrated Program Plan (IPP), [1] was a proposed system of reusable crewed space vehicles envisioned in 1969 to support extended operations beyond the Apollo program (NASA appropriated the name for its Space Shuttle Program, the only component of ...
On February 12, 1961, the Soviet spacecraft Venera 1 was the first flyby probe launched to another planet. However communications with the probe failed before it could complete its mission. [30] Venera 3, which also lost contact, marked the first time a man-made object made contact with another planet after it impacted Venus on March 1, 1966. [31]