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An inclinometer or clinometer is an instrument used for measuring angles of slope, elevation, or depression of an object with respect to gravity's direction. It is also known as a tilt indicator , tilt sensor , tilt meter , slope alert , slope gauge , gradient meter , gradiometer , level gauge , level meter , declinometer , and pitch & roll ...
1912 – Stainless steel invented by Harry Brearley; 1916 – Method for growing single crystals of metals invented by Jan Czochralski; 1919 – The merchant ship Fullagar has the first all welded hull. 1924 – Pyrex invented by scientists at Corning Incorporated, a glass with a very low coefficient of thermal expansion
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When rolled into bars such steel was sold at £50 to £60 (approximately £3,390 to £4,070 in 2008) [11] a long ton. The most difficult and laborious part of the process was the production of wrought iron in finery forges in Sweden. In 1740, Benjamin Huntsman developed the crucible technique for steel manufacture at his workshop in Handsworth ...
1959: The MOSFET (MOS transistor) is invented by the Egyptian Mohamed Atalla and the Korean Dawon Kahng at Bell Labs. It is used in almost all modern electronic products. It was smaller, faster, more reliable and cheaper to manufacture than earlier bipolar transistors, leading to a revolution in computers, controls and communication. [492] [493 ...
Steel is an alloy composed of between 0.2 and 2.0 percent carbon, with the balance being iron. From prehistory through the creation of the blast furnace, iron was produced from iron ore as wrought iron, 99.82–100 percent Fe, and the process of making steel involved adding carbon to iron, usually in a serendipitous manner, in the forge, or via the cementation process.
A Nation of Steel: The Making of Modern America, 1865–1925 (1995) Chapter 1 "The Dominance of Rails" Nasaw, David. Andrew Carnegie (The Penguin Press, 2006). Paskoff, Paul F. Iron and Steel in the Nineteenth Century (Encyclopedia of American Business History and Biography) (1989) 385 pp; biographies and brief corporate histories; Rogers ...
In the 9th century, stonepaste ceramics were invented in Iraq, [16] and lustreware appeared in Mesopotamia. [17] In the 11th century, Damascus steel is developed in the Middle East. In the 15th century, Johann Gutenberg develops type metal alloy and Angelo Barovier invents cristallo, a clear soda-based glass.