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The kraft process involves treatment of wood chips with a hot mixture of water, sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and sodium sulfide (Na 2 S), known as white liquor, that breaks the bonds that link lignin, hemicellulose, and cellulose. The technology entails several steps, both mechanical and chemical. It is the dominant method for producing paper.
Papier-mâché with the strips method for the creation of a pig Papier-mâché mask created with the pulp method. There are two methods to prepare papier-mâché. The first method makes use of paper strips glued together with adhesive, and the other uses paper pulp obtained by soaking or boiling paper to which glue is then added.
Woodworking, paper glue, fireproof laminates Medieval or earlier Soybean glue: As for casein glue, but using soy protein Soy protein is mixed with alkalis Albumin glues (blood glues and egg albumin adhesive, EAA) blood (serum albumin) or eggs: prehistoric Gelatin glues hide glue, including rabbit-skin glue; bone glue, and fish glue including ...
The first step is transforming raw cellulose into nitrocellulose by conducting a nitration reaction. This is achieved by exposing the cellulose fibers to an aqueous solution of nitric acid; the hydroxyl groups (-OH) will then be replaced with nitrate groups (-ONO 2) on the cellulose chain. The reaction can produce mixed products, depending on ...
Dissolving pulp is made from the sulfite process or the kraft process with an acid prehydrolysis step to remove hemicelluloses. For the highest quality, it should be derived from fast-grown hardwoods with low non-cellulose content. [3] The sulfite process produces pulp with a cellulose content up to 92 percent.
Adhesive, also known as glue, cement, mucilage, or paste, [1] is any non-metallic substance applied to one or both surfaces of two separate items that binds them together and resists their separation.
The word "paper" is etymologically derived from papyrus, Ancient Greek for the Cyperus papyrus plant. Papyrus is a thick, paper-like material produced from the pith of the Cyperus papyrus plant which was used in ancient Egypt and other Mediterranean societies for writing long before paper was used in China. [1]
Pre-treatment can be used to modify surfaces in a targeted way and thus make them more adhesive. [3] In addition to coating the substrates with an adhesion promoter to enable good adhesion, surfaces can also be modified by various methods to prepare them for gluing. The most common surface pre-treatment methods are listed in the adjacent figure.