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After authentication, and if the configuration file permits the user access, the system invokes the requested command. sudo retains the user's invocation rights through a grace period (typically 5 minutes) per pseudo terminal, allowing the user to execute several successive commands as the requested user without having to provide a password again.
A command line tool for Unix. su (substitute user) allows users to switch the terminal to a different account by entering the username and password of that account. If no user name is given, the operating system's superuser account (known as "root") is used, thus providing a fast method to obtain a login shell with full privileges to the system.
Return user's terminal name Version 1 AT&T UNIX type: Misc Optional (XSI) Displays how a name would be interpreted if used as a command ulimit: Misc Optional (XSI) Set or report file size limit umask: Misc Mandatory Get or set the file mode creation mask System III unalias: Misc Mandatory Remove alias definitions uname: Misc Mandatory Return ...
The command su, including the Unix permissions system and the setuid system call, was part of Version 1 Unix.Encrypted passwords appeared in Version 3. [5] The command is available as a separate package for Microsoft Windows as part of the UnxUtils collection of native Win32 ports of common GNU Unix-like utilities.
Remote users are unable to access the built-in administrator account. A Windows administrator account is not an exact analogue of the Unix root account – Administrator, the built-in administrator account, and a user administrator account have the same level of privileges. The default user account created in Windows systems is an administrator ...
Others periodically check the configuration files for changes. Users can instruct some programs to re-read the configuration files and apply the changes to the current process, or indeed to read arbitrary files as a configuration file. There are no definitive standards or strong conventions. A configuration file for GNU GRUB being edited.
The earliest versions were created in 2.9 BSD as a convenience form for who am i, the Berkeley Unix who command's way of printing just the logged in user's identity. This version was developed by Bill Joy .
The runas command was introduced with the Windows 2000 operating system. [2] Any application can use this API to create a process with alternate credentials, for example, Windows Explorer in Windows 7 allows an application to be started under a different account if the shift key is held while right clicking its icon.