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  2. Thorium fuel cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorium_fuel_cycle

    However, the 231 Pa (with a half-life of 3.27 × 10 4 years) formed via (n,2n) reactions with 232 Th (yielding 231 Th that decays to 231 Pa), while not a transuranic waste, is a major contributor to the long-term radiotoxicity of spent nuclear fuel. While 231 Pa can in principle be converted back to 232

  3. Isotopes of protactinium - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_protactinium

    Protactinium (91 Pa) has no stable isotopes.The four naturally occurring isotopes allow a standard atomic weight to be given. Twenty-nine radioisotopes of protactinium have been characterized, ranging from 211 Pa to 239 Pa.

  4. Chemical test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_test

    The 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine tests for carbonyl compounds; The iodoform reaction tests for the presence of methyl ketones, or compounds which can be oxidized to methyl ketones; The Schiff test detects aldehydes; Tollens' reagent tests for aldehydes (known as the silver mirror test) The Zeisel determination tests for the presence of esters or ...

  5. Isotopes of thorium - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_thorium

    Thorium (90 Th) has seven naturally occurring isotopes but none are stable. One isotope, 232 Th, is relatively stable, with a half-life of 1.405×10 10 years, considerably longer than the age of the Earth, and even slightly longer than the generally accepted age of the universe.

  6. University of Vic - Central University of Catalonia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Vic...

    The University of Vic - Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), is a Catalan university with premises in Vic, Manresa and Granollers.It is a privately managed institution, under public supervision through its proprietor, the Balmes University Foundation, whose chair is the Mayor of Vic. UVic-UCC is a higher education and research centre.

  7. Analytical chemistry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytical_chemistry

    Analytical chemistry consists of classical, wet chemical methods and modern analytical techniques. [2] [3] Classical qualitative methods use separations such as precipitation, extraction, and distillation. Identification may be based on differences in color, odor, melting point, boiling point, solubility, radioactivity or reactivity.

  8. Vacuum distillation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_distillation

    This packing material can be either structured sheet metal or randomly dumped packing such as Raschig rings. The absolute pressure of 10 to 40 mmHg in the vacuum column is most often achieved by using multiple stages of steam jet ejectors. [16] Many industries, other than the petroleum refining industry, use vacuum distillation on a much ...

  9. Resolution (chromatography) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resolution_(chromatography)

    Chromatographic peak resolution is given by = + where t R is the retention time and w b is the peak width at baseline. The bigger the time-difference and/or the smaller the bandwidths, the better the resolution of the compounds.