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The assessments were introduced following the introduction of a National Curriculum to schools in England and Wales under the Education Reform Act 1988.As the curriculum was gradually rolled out from 1989, statutory assessments were introduced between 1991 and 1995, with those in Key Stage 1 first, following by Key Stages 2 and 3 respectively as each cohort completed a full key stage. [2]
The Roman Empire was one of the largest in history, with contiguous territories throughout Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East. [49] The Latin phrase imperium sine fine ("empire without end" [ 50 ] ) expressed the ideology that neither time nor space limited the Empire.
On 4 August 367, the eight-year-old Gratian was proclaimed as a third augustus by his father Valentinian, who had fallen ill, a nominal co-ruler and means to secure succession. In April 375, Valentinian I led his army in a campaign against the Quadi , a Germanic tribe which had invaded his native region of Pannonia.
Year Date Event 208: Roman invasion of Caledonia 208–210: Septimius Severus invaded modern Scotland. 209: Septimius Severus named his youngest natural son Publius Septimius Geta co-ruler with himself and Caracalla. 211: 4 February: Septimius Severus died. Roman invasion of Caledonia 208–210: Caracalla ended the campaign. 26 December
A history and description of Roman political institutions. Elibron Classics. ISBN 0-543-92749-0. Byrd, Robert (1995). The Senate of the Roman Republic. U.S. Government Printing Office Senate Document 103-23. Everitt, Anthony (2012). The rise of Rome: the making of the world's greatest empire (1st ed.). New York: Random House. ISBN 978-1-4000 ...
Today, the only surviving portion of the Roman History is the part from 69 BC to 46 AD. Ammianus Marcellinus, in his 31 book history sometimes translated as The Roman History or The Roman Empire, described the time from the reign of Nerva to the Battle of Adrianople, though the first thirteen books are lost. Bringing into the remaining books ...
The year of the supposed founding was variously computed by ancient historians, but the two dates seeming to be officially sanctioned were the Varronian chronology's 753 BC (used by Claudius's Secular Games and Hadrian's Romaea) and the adjacent year of 752 BC (used by the Fasti and the Secular Games of Antoninus Pius and Philip I).
Coin of Pescennius Niger, a Roman usurper who claimed imperial power AD 193–194. Legend: IMP CAES C PESC NIGER IVST AVG. While the imperial government of the Roman Empire was rarely called into question during its five centuries in the west and fifteen centuries in the east, individual emperors often faced unending challenges in the form of usurpation and perpetual civil wars. [30]