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Though secondary osteoporosis is a separate category when it comes to osteoporosis diagnosis, it can still be a contributing factor to primary osteoporosis. Secondary osteoporosis can be present in pre- and post-menopausal women and in men and have found to be factors contributing to osteoporosis in both sexes (50-80% of men and 30% of post ...
The US National Osteoporosis Foundation recommends pharmacologic treatment for patients with hip or spine fracture thought to be related to osteoporosis, those with BMD 2.5 SD or more below the young normal mean (T-score -2.5 or below), and those with BMD between 1 and 2.5 SD below normal mean whose 10-year risk, using FRAX, for hip fracture is ...
A variety of conditions can lead to hypoestrogenism: menopause is the most common. [5] Primary ovarian insufficiency (premature menopause) due to varying causes, such as radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a spontaneous manifestation, can also lead to low estrogen and infertility. [17]
Bone resorption rates are much higher in post-menopausal older women due to estrogen deficiency related with menopause. [7] Common treatments include drugs that increase bone mineral density. Bisphosphonates , RANKL inhibitors , SERMs— selective oestrogen receptor modulators , hormone replacement therapy and calcitonin are some of the common ...
Metabolic bone disease is an abnormality of bones caused by a broad spectrum of disorders. Most commonly these disorders are caused by deficiencies of minerals such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium or vitamin D leading to dramatic clinical disorders that are commonly reversible once the underlying defect has been treated.
As of 2014, The National Osteoporosis Foundation (NOF) recommends pharmaceutical treatment for osteopenic postmenopausal women and men over 50 with FRAX hip fracture probability of >3% or FRAX MOF probability >20%. [40] As of 2016, the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and the American College of Endocrinology agree. [41]
The Women's Health Initiative (WHI) is an ongoing study of over 27,000 women that began in 1991, with the most recent analyses suggesting that, when initiated within 10 years of menopause, HRT reduces all-cause mortality and risks of coronary disease, osteoporosis, and dementia; after 10 years the beneficial effects on mortality and coronary ...
The International Osteoporosis Foundation and the European Calcified Tissue Society recommend pharmacological therapy for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and men ≥70 years, with a previous fragility fracture, or a dose equivalent of prednisone ≥7.5 mg daily for ≥3 months. For premenopausal women and men <50 years taking steroids for ...