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Salix alba, the white willow, is a species of willow native to Europe and western and central Asia. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The name derives from the white tone to the undersides of the leaves. It is a medium to large deciduous tree growing up to 10–30 m tall, with a trunk up to 1 m diameter and an irregular, often-leaning crown.
Salicin is produced in (and named after) willow (Salix) bark. It is a biosynthetic precursor to salicylaldehyde. [4] Salicin hydrolyses into β-d-glucose and salicyl alcohol (saligenin). Salicyl alcohol can be oxidized into salicylaldehyde and salicylate, both biologically and industrially.
Herbal uses of willow have continued into modern times. [46] In the early 20th century, Maud Grieve described using the bark and the powdered root of white willow (Salix alba) for its tonic, antiperiodic and astringent qualities and recommended its use in treating dyspepsia, worms, chronic diarrhoea and dysentery. [47]
A tincture prepared from white willow bark and ethanol, containing salicin (from which salicylic acid-based products like aspirin are derived) A tincture is typically an extract of plant or animal material dissolved in ethanol (ethyl alcohol). Solvent concentrations of 25–60% are common, but may run as high as 90%. [1]
The bark of white willow contains salicin, which is a chemical similar to aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid). It is thought to be responsible for the pain-relieving and anti-inflammatory effects of the herb. In 1829, salicin was used to develop aspirin. White willow appears to be slower than aspirin to bring pain relief, but the analgesia may last ...
An extract of willow bark, called salicin, after the Latin name for the white willow , was isolated and named by German chemist Johann Andreas Buchner in 1828. [41] A larger amount of the substance was isolated in 1829 by Henri Leroux, a French pharmacist. [42]
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Dioscorides, in the first century AD, described the use of an extract of what might have been willow bark (a plant he called Itea), [13] 'being burnt to ashes, and steeped in vinegar,' [14] for taking away 'corns and other like risings in the feet and toes.' The active ingredient in this mixture could have been salicylic acid, but it is a ...
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