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Mucociliary clearance (MCC), mucociliary transport, or the mucociliary escalator describes the self-clearing mechanism of the airways in the respiratory system. [1] It is one of the two protective processes for the lungs in removing inhaled particles including pathogens before they can reach the delicate tissue of the lungs.
Lung surgery is a type of thoracic surgery involving the repair or removal of lung tissue, [1] and can be used to treat a variety of conditions ranging from lung cancer to pulmonary hypertension. Common operations include anatomic and nonanatomic resections, pleurodesis and lung transplants .
Complications are not common but include infection, lung abscess, and bronchopleural fistula (a fistula between the pleural space and the bronchial tree). [4] A bronchopleural fistula results when there is a communication between the laceration, a bronchiole, and the pleura; it can cause air to leak into the pleural space despite the placement of a chest tube. [4]
The most common form of plastic bronchitis follows cardiac surgery for congenital heart disease, especially the Fontan procedure. Systemic blood flow is diverted to pulmonary flow, elevating pressures in the pulmonary venous system, and promoting leaks of proteinaceous and lipid-rich fluids from the lymphatics into the bronchial tree. [2]
Infected lung tissue distal to a stricture can be damaged, and wheezing and coughing may develop due to the narrowing. [15] In addition to pneumonia, the stenosis may cause bronchiectasis, in which bronchi are dilated, to develop. [22] Even after an airway with a stricture is restored to normal, the resulting loss of lung function may be ...
The most important factor for treating DAD or ARDS is to treat the underlying cause of the injury to the lungs, [9] for example pneumonia or sepsis. These patients will have problems with oxygenation, meaning they will likely need a breathing tube , medications to keep them comfortable (sedative, paralytic, and/or analgesic), and a mechanical ...
Pulmonary tractotomy is a lung sparing technique. It can prevent the need for formal lung resection. Its advantages over segmental lung resection include that it can be performed quicker; it offers a rapid way to control bleeding (haemorrhage) and air leaks in patients with penetrating lung injuries.
Although it is not possible for the lung to re-grow like the liver, the body is able to compensate for the reduced lung capacity by slow and gradual expansion of the other remaining lung. Post-pneumonectomy patients in due time reach about 70–80 percent of their pre-surgery lung function. [ 10 ]