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By reducing the weight of the slab without compromising its structural strength, it is possible to create a thicker slab to support more weight over a longer span. Hollow-core slabs , also known as voided slabs, initially appeared as one-way elements in Europe during the 1950s, and are still commonly manufactured in precast form for ...
The Wood–Armer method is a structural analysis method based on finite element analysis used to design the reinforcement for concrete slabs. [1] This method provides simple equations to design a concrete slab based on the output from a finite element analysis software.
Waffle slabs are preferred for spans greater than 40 feet (12 m), because, for a given mass of concrete, they are much stronger than flat slabs, flat slabs with drop panels, two-way slabs, one-way slabs, and one-way joist slabs. [2] Section of a waffle slab including beam, ribs, and column head
A concrete slab is a common structural element of modern buildings, consisting of a flat, horizontal surface made of cast concrete. Steel- reinforced slabs, typically between 100 and 500 mm thick, are most often used to construct floors and ceilings, while thinner mud slabs may be used for exterior paving ( see below ).
For normal weight concrete (defined as concrete with a w c of 150 lb/ft 3 and subtracting 5 lb/ft 3 for steel) E c is permitted to be taken as ′. The publication used by structural bridge engineers is the AASHTO Load and Resistance Factor Design Manual, or "LRFD."
A composite steel deck combines the tensile strength of steel with the compressive strength of concrete to improve design efficiency and reduce the material necessary to cover a given area. Additionally, composite steel decks supported by composite steel joists can span greater distances between supporting elements and have reduced live load ...
The precast concrete slab has tubular voids extending the full length of the slab, typically with a diameter equal to the 2/3–3/4 the thickness of the slab. This makes the slab much lighter than a massive solid concrete floor slab of equal thickness or strength. The reduced weight also lowers material and transportation costs.
The weight of the element can be determined by the calculated volume, and using the specific gravity (normal weight reinforced concrete is approximately 24 kN/m3). Establishing the lifting anchor positions will influence the rigging arrangements used and therefore the static analysis of the rigging should be determined.