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Skin flora, also called skin microbiota, refers to microbiota (communities of microorganisms) that reside on the skin, typically human skin. Many of them are bacteria of which there are around 1,000 species upon human skin from nineteen phyla. [1] [2] Most are found in the superficial layers of the epidermis and the upper parts of hair follicles.
Depiction of prevalences of various classes of bacteria at selected sites on human skin. Prior to the HMP launch, it was often reported in popular media and scientific literature that there are about 10 times as many microbial cells and 100 times as many microbial genes in the human body as there are human cells; this figure was based on estimates that the human microbiome includes around 100 ...
Graphic depicting the human skin microbiota, with relative prevalences of various classes of bacteria. The human microbiome is the aggregate of all microbiota that reside on or within human tissues and biofluids along with the corresponding anatomical sites in which they reside, [1] [2] including the gastrointestinal tract, skin, mammary glands, seminal fluid, uterus, ovarian follicles, lung ...
In some cases the microorganism originates from the patient's own skin microbiota, becoming opportunistic after surgery or other procedures that compromise the protective skin barrier. Though the patient may have contracted the infection from their own skin, the infection is still considered nosocomial since it develops in the health care ...
Commensal S. epidermidis is an essential part of a healthy skin microbiota. It contributes through supporting a healthy skin barrier, healing cuts of the skin, protecting the skin microbiota from colonization of skin pathogens, and acting as an immune system modulator. [7] Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm on titanium substrate
The NIH conducted the Human Microbiome Project to characterize the human microbiota, which includes that on the skin and the role of this microbiome in health and disease. [39] Microorganisms like Staphylococcus epidermidis colonize the skin surface. The density of skin flora depends on region of the skin.
By contrast, several thousand species are part of the gut flora present in the digestive tract. [citation needed] The body is continually exposed to many species of bacteria, including beneficial commensals, which grow on the skin and mucous membranes, and saprophytes, which grow mainly in the soil and in decaying matter. The blood and tissue ...
There are a number of types of microorganisms that reside in and on the human skin, collectively known as the skin flora. Normal healthy microbial communities may have some positive effects. [ 25 ] Altered microbial composition and diversity (dysbiosis), may play a role in some non-infectious skin conditions such as acne , [ 26 ] atopic ...