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Numerous accidents also occur during radiotherapy due to equipment failures, operator errors, or wrong dosage. Electron beam sources and particle accelerators can be also sources of beta burns. [46] The burns may be fairly deep and require skin grafts, tissue resection or even amputation of fingers or limbs. [47]
Research in this area has focused on the three most common sources of radiation used for these applications, including gamma, electron beam, and x-ray radiation. [17] The mechanisms of radiation damage are different for polymers and metals, since dislocations and grain boundaries do not have real significance in a polymer.
Electron beam therapy is used in the treatment of superficial tumors like cancer of skin regions, or total skin (e.g. mycosis fungoides), diseases of the limbs (e.g. melanoma and lymphoma), nodal irradiation, and it may also be used to boost the radiation dose to the surgical bed after mastectomy or lumpectomy.
Electron-beam processing involves irradiation (treatment) of products using a high-energy electron-beam accelerator. Electron-beam accelerators utilize an on-off technology, with a common design being similar to that of a cathode ray television. Electron-beam processing is used in industry primarily for three product modifications:
Exposure to non-ionizing ultraviolet light is a risk factor for developing skin cancer (especially non-melanoma skin cancers), sunburn, premature aging of skin, and other effects. Despite the possible hazards it is beneficial to humans in the right dosage, since Vitamin D is produced due to the biochemical effects of ultraviolet light.
Irradiation is the process by which an object is exposed to radiation. An irradiator is a device used to expose an object to radiation, notably gamma radiation , for a variety of purposes. [ 1 ]
The types of radiation that can alter structural materials are neutron radiation, ion beams, electrons (beta particles), and gamma rays.All of these forms of radiation have the capability to displace atoms from their lattice sites, which is the fundamental process that drives the changes in structural metals.
In a vacuum, the electron beam provides a source of heat that can melt or modify any material. [2] This source of heat or phase transformation is absolutely sterile due to the vacuum and scull of solidified metal around the cold copper crucible walls. This ensures that the purest materials can be produced and refined in electron-beam vacuum ...