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The Solvay process or ammonia–soda process is the major industrial process for the production of sodium carbonate (soda ash, Na 2 CO 3).The ammonia–soda process was developed into its modern form by the Belgian chemist Ernest Solvay during the 1860s. [1]
3 + H 2 O → H 2 CO 3 + OH −. Sodium bicarbonate can sometimes be used as a mild neutralization agent and a safer alternative to strong bases like sodium hydroxide. [79] Reaction of sodium bicarbonate and an acid produces a salt and carbonic acid, which readily decomposes to carbon dioxide and water: [79] NaHCO 3 + HCl → NaCl + H 2 O+CO 2 ...
Rearrangements of the iodine(III) enolate species have been observed. Under acidic conditions, oxidations of aryl enol ethers lead to α-aryl esters via 1,2-aryl migration. [1] Ring-contractive Favorskii rearrangements may take place under basic conditions (see equation (12) below).
In chemistry, the mass concentration ρ i (or γ i) is defined as the mass of a constituent m i divided by the volume of the mixture V. [1]= For a pure chemical the mass concentration equals its density (mass divided by volume); thus the mass concentration of a component in a mixture can be called the density of a component in a mixture.
Tyrode's solution is a solution that is roughly isotonic with interstitial fluid and used in physiological experiments and tissue culture. It resembles lactated Ringer's solution, but contains magnesium, a sugar (usually glucose) as an energy source and uses bicarbonate and phosphate as a buffer instead of lactate.
The Appel reaction is an organic reaction that converts an alcohol into an alkyl chloride using triphenylphosphine and carbon tetrachloride. [1] The use of carbon tetrabromide or bromine as a halide source will yield alkyl bromides, whereas using carbon tetraiodide, methyl iodide or iodine gives alkyl iodides.
The film canister rocket uses a solid fuel mixed with a liquid fuel to create a gas that escapes out of the bottom. The gas is carbon dioxide (CO 2), the liquid is water (H 2 O), and the solid is an effervescent tablet. When the H 2 O is mixed with an effervescent tablet, it produces the gas CO 2. The reaction time depends on the surface area ...
Iodolactonization has been used in the synthesis of many natural products including those with medicinal applications such as vernolepin and vernomenin, [2] two compounds used in tumor growth inhibition, and vibralactone, a pancreatic lipase inhibitor. [3] Iodolactonization has also been used by Elias James Corey to synthesize numerous ...