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A hollow structural section (HSS) is a type of metal profile with a hollow cross section. The term is used predominantly in the United States, or other countries which follow US construction or engineering terminology. HSS members can be circular, square, or rectangular sections, although other shapes such as elliptical are also available.
Arc welding is a welding process that is used to join metal to metal by using electricity to create enough heat to melt metal, and the melted metals, when cool, result in a joining of the metals. It is a type of welding that uses a welding power supply to create an electric arc between a metal stick (" electrode ") and the base material to melt ...
Electrodes conduct current through the metal being welded in order join the two pieces. [1] The metal determines the type of welding that is required. [1] The electrodes are either heavily or lightly coated. For the heavily coated electrodes are commonly used in structural welding because they are much stronger and corrosion resistant. [1] The ...
By 1963, a new structural system of framed tubes had appeared in skyscraper design and construction. Fazlur Rahman Khan, a structural engineer from Bangladesh (then called East Pakistan) who worked at Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, defined the framed tube structure as "a three dimensional space structure composed of three, four, or possibly more frames, braced frames, or shear walls, joined at or ...
Interior loadbearing walls are framed in the same way as exterior walls. Studs are usually 1 + 1 ⁄ 2 in × 3 + 1 ⁄ 2 in (38 mm × 89 mm) lumber spaced at 16 in (410 mm) on center. This spacing may be changed to 12 or 24 in (300 or 610 mm) depending on the loads supported and the type and thickness of the wall finish used.
Parts of a fillet weld. There are 5 pieces to each fillet weld known as the root, toe, face, leg and throat. [2] The root of the weld is the part of deepest penetration which is the opposite angle of the hypotenuse. The toes of the weld are essentially the edges or the points of the hypotenuse.
1.82 23 Cold-formed welded and seamless carbon steel structural tubing in rounds and shapes A500 Round Tubing A 33 45 1.36 25 B 42 58 1.38 23 C 46 62 1.35 21 D 36 58 1.61 23 Shape Tubing A 39 45 1.15 25 B 46 58 1.26 23 C 50 62 1.24 21 D 36 58 1.61 23 High-strength carbon–manganese steel A529 Gr. 42 42 60-85 1.43 22 A529 Gr. 50 50 70-100 1.40 21
This wire normally has a thickness of 1.6 mm to 6 mm (1/16 in. to 1/4 in.). In certain circumstances, twisted wire can be used to give the arc an oscillating movement. This helps fuse the toe of the weld to the base metal. [4] The electrode composition depends upon the material being welded. Alloying elements may be added in the electrodes.