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The two subtests, Sight Word Efficiency (SWE) and Phonemic Decoding Efficiency (PDE), and the TWRE index score have mean of 100 and the standard deviation of 15. TWRE index integrate performances of both subtests, which is the reason why it is the most reliable test score. [4]
Norms provided for the 1978 edition include standard scores with a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15, percentile scores, and grade levels. The standard scores are scaled based on the norm group; the grade levels are arbitrarily assigned and can be interpreted only as rough references to achievement level. Only standard scores should be ...
In the previous example, the same score on the ACT can be interpreted in a norm-referenced or criterion-referenced manner. Domain-referenced test is similar to criterion-referenced test, it is an assessment that covers a specific area of study such that a score will reveal how much of this area has been mastered.
The total score can be converted to a percentile rank, mental age, or a standard deviation IQ score. Although desirable, no special training is required to properly administer and score the PPVT-IV. The test publisher recommends that anyone interpreting or explaining the test scores should have knowledge in psychological testing and statistics.
These 9 subtests generate 16 main achievement scores and hundreds of optional error, contrast, accuracy, and time-interval scores. As such, use of the computerized scoring assistant (available for purchase from the test publisher) makes scoring the measure less time consuming. This assessment was normed with a representative sample. [1]
Psychometric legend has it that a 1–9 scale was used because of the compactness of recording the score as a single digit but Thorndike [1] claims that by reducing scores to just nine values, stanines "reduce the tendency to try to interpret small score differences (p. 131)". The earliest known use of stanines was by the U.S. Army Air Forces ...
Unlike stanine scores, which have a midpoint of five, sten scores have no midpoint (the midpoint is the value 5.5). Like stanines, individual sten scores are demarcated by half standard deviations. Thus, a sten score of 5 includes all standard scores from -.5 to zero and is centered at -0.25 and a sten score of 4 includes all standard scores ...
The PIAT-R/NU test is accompanied by a manual which provides grade and age equivalent scores. The modern version also comes with a software program called PIAT-R ASSIST which processes the raw scores and produces various reports, including age and grade equivalents, standard scores by age and grade, percentile ranks, and derived scores for ...