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A varus deformity is an excessive inward angulation (medial angulation, that is, towards the body's midline) of the distal segment of a bone or joint. The opposite of varus is called valgus. The terms varus and valgus always refer to the direction that the distal segment of the joint points.
A chihuahua with a valgus deformity in the left forelimb. Valgus is a term for outward angulation of the distal segment of a bone or joint. The opposite condition is called varus, which is a medial deviation of the distal bone. The terms "varus" and "valgus" always refer to the direction in which the distal segment of the joint points.
The valgus stress test or medial stress test is a test for damage to the medial collateral ligament of the knee. It involves placing the leg into extension, with one hand placed as a pivot on the knee. With the other hand placed upon the foot applying an abducting force, an attempt is then made to force the leg at the knee into valgus. If the ...
Valgus stress test can be performed with the examined knee in 25 degrees flexion to determine the integrity of the medial collateral ligament. Similarly, varus stress test can be performed to access the integrity of the lateral collateral ligament. The degree of collateral ligament sprain can also be assessed during the valgus and varus tests.
It provides up to 78% of the restraining force that resists valgus (inward pressing) loads on the knee. [ 3 ] The fibers of the posterior part of the ligament are short and incline backward as they descend; they are inserted into the tibia above the groove for the semimembranosus muscle.
Valgus stress at 0° and 20°- This test puts direct stress on the medial knee structures, reproducing the mechanism of injury. Valgus stress testing is done with the patient supine on the exam table. The lower extremity, supported by the examiner, is abducted. The examiner's fingers monitor the medial joint space for gapping while placing the ...
Acute or chronic disruption and/or attenuation of the ulnar collateral ligament often result in medial elbow pain, valgus instability, and impaired throwing performance. There are both non-surgical and surgical treatment options. [5]
The UCL stabilizes the elbow from being abducted during a throwing motion. If intense or repeated bouts of valgus stress occur on the UCL, injury may occur. Damage to the UCL is common among baseball pitchers and javelin throwers because the throwing motion is similar. Physicians believe repetitive movements, especially pitching in baseball ...