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The particular cognitive abilities used by insects in finding food has been the focus of much scientific inquiry. [11] The social insects are often study subjects and much has been discovered about the intelligence of insects by investigating the abilities of bee species. [12] [3] Fruit flies are also common study subjects. [13]
Peter Wohlleben (born 1964) is a German forester and author who writes on ecological themes in popular language and has controversially argued for plant sentience. [1] [2] [3] He is the author of the New York Times Best Seller The Hidden Life of Trees: What They Feel, How They Communicate, which was translated from German into English in 2016.
Furthermore, Ips pini beetles possess the capability to act as vectors for a particular type of blue stain fungus, which plays a crucial role in the beetles' ability to kill their host trees. This process involves the fungus clogging the water transportation systems within the tree, effectively disrupting the tree's ability to transport water.
The beetles excavate tunnels in dead trees in which they cultivate fungal gardens, their sole source of nutrition. After landing on a suitable tree, an ambrosia beetle excavates a tunnel in which it releases spores of its fungal symbiont. The fungus penetrates the plant's xylem tissue, digests it, and concentrates the nutrients on and near the ...
The ambrosia beetles (such as Xyleborus) feed on fungal "gardens" cultivated on woody tissue within the tree. Ambrosia beetles carry the fungal spores in either their gut or special structures, called mycangia, and infect the trees as they attack them. Once a beetle chooses a tree, they release spores of this fungus along tunnels within the tree.
Others, such as the Japanese beetle, are plant-eaters, wreaking havoc on various crops and vegetation. Some of the well-known beetles from the Scarabaeidae are Japanese beetles, dung beetles, June beetles, rose chafers (Australian, European, and North American), rhinoceros beetles, Hercules beetles and Goliath beetles.
The beetles' glands store enough hydroquinone and hydrogen peroxide to allow the beetle to release its chemical spray roughly 20 times. In some cases this is enough to kill a predator. [6] The main component of the beetle spray is 1,4-benzoquinone, an irritant to the eyes and the respiratory system of vertebrates.
Suzanne Simard (born 1960) [3] is a Canadian forestry scientist and conservationist who is best known for her research on forest ecology and plant intelligence. [4] [5] [6]Simard is a Professor in the Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences at the University of British Columbia. [7]