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Marvin Minsky et al. raised the issue that AI can function as a form of surveillance, with the biases inherent in surveillance, suggesting HI (Humanistic Intelligence) as a way to create a more fair and balanced "human-in-the-loop" AI. [61] Explainable AI has been recently a new topic researched amongst the context of modern deep learning.
The problem of attaining human-level competency at "commonsense knowledge" tasks is considered to probably be "AI complete" (that is, solving it would require the ability to synthesize a fully human-level intelligence), [4] [5] although some oppose this notion and believe compassionate intelligence is also required for human-level AI. [6]
Soar [1] is a cognitive architecture, [2] originally created by John Laird, Allen Newell, and Paul Rosenbloom at Carnegie Mellon University.. The goal of the Soar project is to develop the fixed computational building blocks necessary for general intelligent agents – agents that can perform a wide range of tasks and encode, use, and learn all types of knowledge to realize the full range of ...
Explainable AI (XAI), or Interpretable AI, or Explainable Machine Learning (XML), is artificial intelligence (AI) in which humans can understand the decisions or predictions made by the AI. [126] It contrasts with the "black box" concept in machine learning where even its designers cannot explain why an AI arrived at a specific decision. [ 127 ]
Approaches for integration are diverse. [10] Henry Kautz's taxonomy of neuro-symbolic architectures [11] follows, along with some examples: . Symbolic Neural symbolic is the current approach of many neural models in natural language processing, where words or subword tokens are the ultimate input and output of large language models.
The answer to this, Bostrom suggests, could one day come from either enhanced human intelligence or a sufficiently advanced AI. Even then, we may need bigger brains to actually understand it.
Knowledge-representation is a field of artificial intelligence that focuses on designing computer representations that capture information about the world that can be used for solving complex problems. The justification for knowledge representation is that conventional procedural code is not the best formalism to use to solve complex problems.
This has led to advocacy and in some jurisdictions legal requirements for explainable artificial intelligence. [68] Explainable artificial intelligence encompasses both explainability and interpretability, with explainability relating to summarizing neural network behavior and building user confidence, while interpretability is defined as the ...