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Duct resection has been traditionally used to treat the condition; the original Hadfield procedure has been improved many times but long-term success rate remains poor even for radical surgery. [8] Petersen even suggests that damage caused by previous surgery is a frequent cause of subareolar abscesses. [9]
A seroma is usually caused by surgery. Seromas are particularly common after breast surgery [3] (e.g., mastectomy), [4] abdominal surgery, and reconstructive surgery. It can also be seen after neck surgery, [1] thyroid and parathyroid surgery, [5] and hernia repair. [2] The larger the surgical intervention, the more likely that seromas form.
In this case, the procedure may require more extensive preparation and take more time to perform. Also, fine-needle aspiration is the main method used for chorionic villus sampling, [3] as well as for many types of body fluid sampling. It is also used for ultrasound-guided aspiration of breast abscess, [4] of breast cysts, and of seromas. [5]
For incisional abscesses, it is recommended that incision and drainage is followed by covering the area with a thin layer of gauze followed by sterile dressing.The dressing should be changed and the wound irrigated with normal saline at least twice each day. [4]
The purpose of a drain is to prevent fluid (blood or other) build-up in a closed ("dead") space, [2] which may cause either disruption of the wound and the healing process or become an infected abscess, with either scenario possibly requiring a formal drainage/repair procedure (and possibly another trip to the operating room).
Possible complications of the procedure include nipple tip necrosis, [5] in which case further surgery may become necessary to recreate the nipple. [9] A further complication is altered sensation, shape, size and color of the nipple, including nipple inversion. [5] Furthermore, infection or hematoma may occur.
The combined effects of radiation and breast cancer surgery can in particular lead to complications such as breast fibrosis, secondary lymphoedema (which may occur in the arm, the breast or the chest, in particular after axillary lymph node dissection [5] [6]), breast asymmetry, and chronic/recurrent breast cellulitis, each of these having long ...
A breast mass, also known as a breast lump, is a localized swelling that feels different from the surrounding tissue. [1] Breast pain , nipple discharge , or skin changes may be present. [ 1 ] Concerning findings include masses that are hard, do not move easily, are of an irregular shape, or are firmly attached to surrounding tissue.