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The main idea of a per unit system is to absorb large differences in absolute values into base relationships. Thus, representations of elements in the system with per unit values become more uniform. A per-unit system provides units for power, voltage, current, impedance, and admittance. With the exception of impedance and admittance, any two ...
For example, since electric field strength is voltage per unit length, its unit is the volt per centimetre, which is one hundred times the SI unit. The system is electrically rationalized and magnetically unrationalized; i.e., 𝜆 = 1 and 𝜆′ = 4 π, but the above formula for 𝜆 is invalid. A closely related system is the International ...
Failure rate is the frequency with which any system or component fails, expressed in failures per unit of time. It thus depends on the system conditions, time interval, and total number of systems under study. [1]
In the FFF system, heat transfer coefficients are conventionally reported as BTU per foot-fathom per degree Fahrenheit per fortnight. [c] Thermal conductivity has units of BTU per fortnight per furlong per degree Fahrenheit. Like the more common furlong per fortnight, [4] a firkin per fortnight can refer to "any obscure unit". [10]
See also kinetic energy per unit mass of projectiles. Potential energy with respect to gravity, close to Earth, per unit mass: gh, where g is the acceleration due to gravity (standardized as ≈9.8 m/s 2) and h is the height above the reference level (giving J/kg when g is in m/s 2 and h is in m).
Technically, these constants are specified in units of the electrical reactance , although they are typically expressed in the per-unit system and thus dimensionless. Since for practically all (except for the tiniest) machines the resistance of the coils is negligibly small in comparison to the reactance, the latter can be used instead of ...
Note, the units will vary based upon which units the driving force is expressed in. The driving force shown here as ' Δ c A {\displaystyle {\Delta c_{A}}} ' is expressed in units of moles per unit of volume, but in some cases the driving force is represented by other measures of concentration with different units.
In a noisy channel, the BER is often expressed as a function of the normalized carrier-to-noise ratio measure denoted Eb/N0, (energy per bit to noise power spectral density ratio), or Es/N0 (energy per modulation symbol to noise spectral density).