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Asset and liability management (often abbreviated ALM) is the term covering tools and techniques used by a bank or other corporate to minimise exposure to market risk and liquidity risk through holding the optimum combination of assets and liabilities. [1]
Business firms use a financial analysis technique called asset vs. liability management (ALM) to mitigate risk due to a mismatch in their assets and liabilities. A mismatch occurs when assets and ...
Formally, the duration gap is the difference between the duration - i.e. the average maturity - of assets and liabilities held by a financial entity. [3] A related approach is to see the "duration gap" as the difference in the price sensitivity of interest-yielding assets and the price sensitivity of liabilities (of the organization) to a change in market interest rates (yields).
Asset/liability modeling is an approach to examining pension risks and allows the sponsor to set informed policies for funding, benefit design and asset allocation. Asset/liability modeling goes beyond the traditional, asset-only analysis of the asset-allocation decision. Traditional asset-only models analyze risk and rewards in terms of ...
1999 OCC Risk Management of Financial Derivatives and Bank Trading Activities, Supplemental Guidance (OCC 1999-02) 1999 NCUA Real Estate Lending and Balance sheet Management (99-CU-12) 2000 OCC Model Validation (Bulletin 2000-16) note this was replaced in 2011. 2000 NCUA Asset Liability Management Procedures (00-CU-10)
Contemporary bank management methods for liquidity are based on maturity analysis of all the bank's assets and liabilities (off balance sheet exposures may also be included). Assets and liabilities are put into residual contractual maturity buckets such as 'on demand', 'less than 1 month', '2–3 months' etc.
Treasury is then responsible for managing financial assets and liabilities, ensuring sufficient liquidity, and "capitalizing on market opportunities" [2] to maximize profitability. Most large banks thus maintain dedicated Treasury Management departments. These will, in turn, operate the following areas or desks:
Liabilities of uncertain value or timing are called provisions. When a company deposits cash with a bank, the bank records a liability on its balance sheet, representing the obligation to repay the depositor, usually on demand. Simultaneously, in accordance with the double-entry principle, the bank records the cash, itself, as an asset. The ...
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