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Apothecary (/ ə ˈ p ɒ θ ə k ər i /) is an archaic English term for a medical professional who formulates and dispenses materia medica (medicine) to physicians, surgeons and patients. The modern terms 'pharmacist' and 'chemist' (British English) have taken over this role.
Babylon, a state within Mesopotamia, provided the earliest known practice of running an apothecary i.e. pharmacy. Alongside the ill person included a priest, physician, and a pharmacist to tend to their needs. [4]
A medicinal jar, drug jar, or apothecary jar is a jar used to contain medicines. Ceramic medicinal jars originated in the Islamic world and were brought to Europe where the production of jars flourished from the Middle Ages onward. Potteries were established throughout Europe and many were commissioned to produce jars for pharmacies and ...
Medieval Bodies: Life, Death and Art in the Middle Ages. Wellcome Collection. ISBN 978-1781256800. Mitchell, Piers D. Medicine in the Crusades: Warfare, Wounds, and the Medieval Surgeon (Cambridge University Press, 2004) 293 pp. Porter, Roy.The Greatest Benefit to Mankind. A medical history of humanity from antiquity to the present ...
[17] In the cities, the foundations of commercial pharmacy were slowly building. By 1721 there were "14 apothecary shops in Boston," [11] and the first "commissioned pharmaceutical officer in an American army" was the Boston apothecary, Andrew Craigie. [18] A sort of warrior-apothecary, he took part in the Battle of Bunker Hill, June 17, 1775 ...
Early apothecaries in Dublin were members of the Guild of Barbers. The patron of the guild was St Mary Magdelene. The Barbers’ Guild was founded in 1446 by a charter of Henry VI (25 Henry VI) (the earliest royal or secular medical foundation in Britain or Ireland, before equivalent civic establishments by the City of Edinburgh in 1505, and by the City of London in 1462), and it was united ...
Women have served widely as pharmacists. [1] However, as with women in many jobs, women in pharmacy have been restricted. For example, only in 1964 was the American Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Pub. L. 88–352, 78 Stat. 241, enacted July 2, 1964) enacted, which outlawed refusing to hire women because of their sex including though not limited to in the profession of pharmacist.
English-speaking countries also used a system of units of fluid measure, or in modern terminology volume units, based on the apothecaries' system. Originally, the terms and symbols used to describe the volume measurements of liquids were the same as or similar to those used to describe weight measurements of solids [33] (for example, the pound by weight and the fluid pint were both referred to ...