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Irukandji syndrome includes an array of systemic symptoms, including severe headache, backache, muscle pains, chest and abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, sweating, anxiety, hypertension, tachycardia, and pulmonary edema. [2] [3] [7] [8] Symptoms generally improve in four to 30 hours, but may take up to two weeks to resolve completely. [9]
Irukandji syndrome was named in 1952 by Hugo Flecker, [8] who first described the symptoms of envenomation by this jellyfish. [9] The syndrome was named after the Irukandji people, whose region stretches along the coastal strip north of Cairns, Queensland.
Malo kingi or the common kingslayer is a species of Irukandji jellyfish.It was first described to science in 2007, and is one of four species in the genus Malo. [1] It has one of the world's most potent venoms, even though it is no bigger than a human thumbnail. [2]
The Irukandji syndrome was first discovered after a group of swimmers were stung in the open water near North Queensland, Australia.Victims of the sting reported severe symptoms of muscle aches, back pain, nausea, headaches, chest and abdominal pains, sweating, high blood pressure and difficulty breathing. [3]
The venom from a single sting can take 20–60 minutes to induce "Irukandji syndrome". [5] When stung the pain is mild with minor inflammation at the sting location. The symptoms progressively get more severe as time goes.
Most stingings by C. fleckeri cause only mild symptoms. [81] Seven other box jellies can cause a set of symptoms called Irukandji syndrome, [82] which takes about 30 minutes to develop, [83] and from a few hours to two weeks to disappear. [84] Hospital treatment is usually required, and there have been a few deaths. [82]
The sting of all Irukandji Jellyfish is believed to cause Irukandji Syndrome and can be potentially fatal, however the sting of the Malo maxima is the most dangerous of the Malo species. Only two types of species have the venom to cause Irukandji syndrome, the Irukandji Jellyfish and the Box Jelly. The Box Jelly is extremely more venomous than ...
The sting from this species results in symptoms similar to Irukandji syndrome. The wound is typically 10mm wide and is followed by an immediate burning sensation. If left untreated, it can become necrose, pruritic, and vesicule. [3]