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  2. Exponential decay - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponential_decay

    A more intuitive characteristic of exponential decay for many people is the time required for the decaying quantity to fall to one half of its initial value. (If N (t) is discrete, then this is the median life-time rather than the mean life-time.) This time is called the half-life, and often denoted by the symbol t1/2.

  3. Golden ratio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_ratio

    The golden ratio is also an algebraic number and even an algebraic integer. It has minimal polynomial. This quadratic polynomial has two roots, and. The golden ratio is also closely related to the polynomial. which has roots and As the root of a quadratic polynomial, the golden ratio is a constructible number.

  4. Proportionality (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proportionality_(mathematics)

    In mathematics, two sequences of numbers, often experimental data, are proportional or directly proportional if their corresponding elements have a constant ratio. The ratio is called coefficient of proportionality (or proportionality constant) and its reciprocal is known as constant of normalization (or normalizing constant).

  5. Half-life - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Half-life

    Half-life (symbol t½) is the time required for a quantity (of substance) to reduce to half of its initial value. The term is commonly used in nuclear physics to describe how quickly unstable atoms undergo radioactive decay or how long stable atoms survive. The term is also used more generally to characterize any type of exponential (or, rarely ...

  6. Exponential growth - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponential_growth

    Exponential growth is the inverse of logarithmic growth. Not all cases of growth at an always increasing rate are instances of exponential growth. For example the function grows at an ever increasing rate, but is very remote from growing exponentially. For example, when it grows at 3 times its size, but when it grows at 30% of its size.

  7. Slide rule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slide_rule

    Slide rule. Typical ten-inch (25 cm) student slide rule (Pickett N902-T simplex trig) A slide rule is a hand -operated mechanical calculator consisting of slidable rulers for evaluating mathematical operations such as multiplication, division, exponents, roots, logarithms, and trigonometry.

  8. Proportional representation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proportional_representation

    Economics portal. Mathematics portal. v. t. e. Proportional representation (PR) refers to any type of electoral system under which subgroups of an electorate are reflected proportionately in the elected body. [1] The concept applies mainly to political divisions (political parties) among voters. The essence of such systems is that all votes ...

  9. Relative change - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relative_change

    A percentage change is a way to express a change in a variable. It represents the relative change between the old value and the new one. [6]For example, if a house is worth $100,000 today and the year after its value goes up to $110,000, the percentage change of its value can be expressed as = = %.