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2.3.1 Phenolic acids. 2.3.2 Hydroxycinnamic acids. 2.4 Phenylethanoids. 2.5 Others. ... The following is a list of phytochemicals present in commonly consumed foods.
Phenolic acid. Phenolic acids or phenolcarboxylic acids are phenolic compounds and types of aromatic acid compounds. Included in that class are substances containing a phenolic ring and an organic carboxylic acid function (C6-C1 skeleton). Two important naturally occurring types of phenolic acids are hydroxybenzoic acids and hydroxycinnamic ...
Carrots, squash, broccoli, sweet potatoes, tomatoes (which gain their color from the compound lycopene), kale, mangoes, oranges, seabuckthorn berries, wolfberries (goji), collards, cantaloupe, peaches and apricots are particularly rich sources of beta-carotene, the major provitamin A carotenoid. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is a water- soluble ...
Generally, polyphenols are categorized into two main classes: flavonoids, the most abundant in the diet, and non-flavonoids, encompassing phenolic acids, lignans, and stilbenes.
Particularly abundant flavanoids in foods are catechin (tea, fruits), hesperetin (citrus fruits), cyanidin (red fruits and berries), daidzein , proanthocyanidins (apple, grape, cocoa), and quercetin (onion, tea, apples). [2] Phenolic acids include caffeic acid; Lignans are polyphenols derived from phenylalanine found in flax seed and other cereals.
A polyphenol antioxidant is a hypothesized type of antioxidant studied in vitro. Numbering over 4,000 distinct chemical structures mostly from plants, such polyphenols have not been demonstrated to be antioxidants in vivo. [1][2][3] In vitro at high experimental doses, polyphenols may affect cell-to-cell signaling, receptor sensitivity ...
Gallic acid (also known as 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid) is a trihydroxybenzoic acid with the formula C 6 H 2 (OH) 3 CO 2 H. It is classified as a phenolic acid. It is found in gallnuts, sumac, witch hazel, tea leaves, oak bark, and other plants. [1] It is a white solid, although samples are typically brown owing to partial oxidation.
Main article: Flavonoid biosynthesis. Flavonoids are secondary metabolites synthesized mainly by plants. The general structure of flavonoids is a fifteen-carbon skeleton, containing two benzene rings connected by a three-carbon linking chain. [ 1 ] Therefore, they are depicted as C6-C3-C6 compounds.