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In buildings made of other materials, wood will still be found as a supporting material, especially in roof construction, in interior doors and their frames, and as exterior cladding. Wood is also commonly used as shuttering material to form the mold into which concrete is poured during reinforced concrete construction.
This, along with the ability of the kraft process to accept a wider variety of types of wood and produce stronger fibers [4] made the kraft process the dominant pulping process starting in the 1940s. [3] Sulfite pulps now account for less than 10% of the total chemical pulp production [3] and the number of sulfite mills continues to decrease ...
Wood science [1] is the scientific field which predominantly studies and investigates elements associated with the formation, the physical and chemical composition, and the macro- and microstructure of wood as a bio-based and lignocellulosic material.
Wood ash is the powdery residue remaining after the combustion of wood, such as burning wood in a fireplace, bonfire, or an industrial power plant. It is largely composed of calcium compounds, along with other non-combustible trace elements present in the wood, and has been used for many purposes throughout history.
The physical properties of any material are determined by its chemical structure. Wood contains an abundance of chemical groups called free hydroxyls. Free hydroxyl groups readily absorb and release water according to changes in the climatic conditions to which they are exposed. This is the main reason why wood's dimensional stability is ...
Typical engineered composite materials are made up of a binding agent forming the matrix and a filler material (particulates or fibres) giving substance, e.g.: Concrete, reinforced concrete and masonry with cement, lime or mortar (which is itself a composite material) as a binder; Composite wood such as glulam and plywood with wood glue as a binder
Lignosulfonates (LS) are water-soluble anionic polyelectrolyte polymers: they are byproducts from the production of wood pulp using sulfite pulping. [1] Most delignification in sulfite pulping involves acidic cleavage of ether bonds, which connect many of the constituents of lignin. [2]
Thermal insulation – CLT panels provide air tightness and great thermal insulation to buildings as the thermal conductivity (U) of a panel is approximately 0.3458 W/m 2 K. [18] Other common building materials can have U values ranging from 0.4 to 2.5 W/m 2 K. [19] The various layers of wood also serve as a thermal mass, which can help reduce ...