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  2. Antireductionism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antireductionism

    The opposite of reductionism is holism, a word coined by Jan Smuts in Holism and Evolution, that understanding a system can be done only as a whole.One form of antireductionism (epistemological) holds that we simply are not capable of understanding systems at the level of their most basic constituents, and so the program of reductionism must fail.

  3. Antipositivism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipositivism

    Through the work of Simmel in particular, sociology acquired a possible character beyond positivist data-collection or grand, deterministic systems of structural law. . Relatively isolated from the sociological academy throughout his lifetime, Simmel presented idiosyncratic analyses of modernity more reminiscent of the phenomenological and existential writers than of Comte or Durkheim, paying ...

  4. Immanent critique - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immanent_critique

    Immanent critique is a method of analyzing culture that identifies contradictions in society's rules and systems. Most importantly, it juxtaposes the ideals articulated by society against the inadequate realization of those ideals in society's institutions.

  5. Armchair theorizing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armchair_theorizing

    Armchair theorizing, also known as armchair philosophizing or armchair scholarship, is an approach to providing new developments in a field that does not involve primary research or data collection – but instead analysis or synthesis of existent scholarship. The term is typically pejorative, implying such scholarship is weak or frivolous.

  6. Outline of critical theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_critical_theory

    Examples of the private sphere are family and home. The complement or opposite of public sphere. Public sphere – area in social life where individuals can come together to freely discuss and identify societal problems, and through that discussion influence political action. It is "a discursive space in which individuals and groups congregate ...

  7. Basic research - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basic_research

    Basic research advances fundamental knowledge about the world. It focuses on creating and refuting or supporting theories that explain observed phenomena. Pure research is the source of most new scientific ideas and ways of thinking about the world. It can be exploratory, descriptive, or explanatory; however, explanatory research is the most ...

  8. Anchoring effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anchoring_effect

    The anchoring effect was also found to be present in a study [8] in the Journal of Real Estate Research in relation to house prices. In this investigation, it was established that the 2-year and 9-year highs on the Case-Shiller House Price Index could be used as anchors in predicting current house prices.

  9. Methodological individualism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methodological_individualism

    This framework was introduced as a foundational assumption within the social sciences by Max Weber, and discussed in his book Economy and Society. [3] Within later schools of economic thought, such as the Austrian School, strict adherence to methodological individualism is considered a necessary starting principle.